1. 1. B y: Emma Palazon, ElenaMontoya, Julia Serrano andMarina Vega.
2. 2. 1st. Sourcing of raw materialsNatural sources principally Natural Gas, Oiland Coal2nd. Synthesis of monomerssmall subunits that synthesize and formbigger molecules monomers. Joinedtogether polymer
3. 3. ThermocompressionThermosetting products bycompressing the hot plastic in a mold. Eg:TapeExtrusion molding very similar to howspaguetti is made Eg: Pipes
4. 4. Blow moldingThe plastic is filled and then blowed upit gets the shapeEg: Plastic bottles
5. 5. 3rd step Synthesis of the basic polymer polymerizationPolymerresin4th step Incorporation of additives roughness.
6. 6. Plastic is melted machine moldSolidifies and cools
7. 7. Structural Foam thermoplastic.blowing agentAddition resin.
8. 8. A plastic sheet heated (soft) drapingVacuum into a mould
9. 9. Smoothing and compressionembossing Special effects in fabric high lustersmoothness
10. 10. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Electrical conductivity - Very low (used tocover wires or for switches) Thermal conductivity - Very low (used for heatinsulation) Density - low (lighter than other materials) Expansion - high (reinforced plastics have alower coefficient of expansion) Melting point - Around 200C or lower Fusibility- amount of heat needed to melt amaterial
11. 11. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Types of stress: Traction - Two opposite forces pulling it. Compression - Two opposite forces pushing it. Bending - Two opposite forces end it. Shearing - Two opposite forces try to cut it. Torsion - Twisted around an axis Elasticity - Ability to deform and return to its original shape. Plasticity - Very important property of plastics Malleability- Permanently deformed under compression Ductility - High - Easy to deform Resistance - Very very low - No resistance at all Hardness - High Weldability - Join solidly to another material when heated
12. 12. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Permeability - Very low - Plastics are impermeable Solubility - Low - Only some of them are soluble Combustibility - High - Plastics burn easily BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Recyclability - Transform a used product into another one thatcan be used Toxicity - Some plastics can be toxic Biodegradability - Low - They take a lot of time to decompose
13. 13. They can be heated and shaped only once
14. 14. Epoxy resin: hard, resistant to chemicals,electric insulatorMelamine formaldehyde: stiff, hard, strong,resists some chemicalsPolyester resin: stiff, hard, electrical insulator,resists chemicalsUrea formaldehyde: stiff, hard, electricalinsulator
15. 15. They can be heated and shaped only once
16. 16. Polyamide (Nylon): hard, resistant to chemicalsand machines, self-lubricating Polymethyl methacrylate (Acrylic): hard,scratches easily, resists chemicals Polypropylene: hard, scratches easily, resistschemicals Polystyrene: hard, transparent, resists water Low density polythene: resists chemicals,flexible, soft, electric insulator High density polythene: hard, able to besterilised
17. 17. Polyamide (Nylon): gears, power tools casings,hinges, curtain rails, clothesPolymethyl methacrylate (Acrylic): Signs, canopies,basins, covers for car lightsPolypropylene: medical, kitchen and laboratoryequipment, seats, stringsPolystyrene: toys, boxes, containersLow density polythene: packaging, bottles, bagsHigh density polythene: bottles, tubes, householdequipment
18. 18. They are a very elastic type of plastic
19. 19. Rubber (CA): impermeable; electrical and acusticinsulator; resists machines, acids and detergents Polychloroprene (PCP): impermeable; electricaland acustic insulator; resists machines, solvents,acids and detergents Silicone (SI): impermeable; thermal insulator;resists oils, acids and detergents Polyurethane: resists chemicals; electrical,thermal and acustic insultor Synthetic rubber: impermeable; resists oils andpetroleum; electric and acustic insulator
20. 20. Rubber (CA): natural rubber poductsPolychloroprene (PCP): cables, pipes, sleepingbags, boots, protective clothing, gloves Silicone (SI): moulds, medical equipment,adhesives, waterproof materialsPolyurethane: mattresses, foam, adhesives,some chemicalsSynthetic rubber: tires, solid wheels,transmission belts