PowerPoint Presentation

PROGRAMMABLE MATTER

PRESENTED BY:Arooba Rasheed NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

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Introduction of Programmable MatterAims and GoalsPrinciple Applicationsoutline2

Introduction

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What is programmable matter?A programmable material with actuation and sensing that can change its physical properties (shape, density,moduli, conductivity, optical properties, under software control and in reaction to external stimuli

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Aims of Programmable MatterProgrammable matter aims to bring machines and materials closer together. Create objects whose physical properties, for example shape, stiffness, optical characteristics, acoustic characteristics, and viscosity can be programmed.5

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Aims of Programmable Matter (Cont.)Programmable matters goals is towards creating materials with Embedded Sensing Actuation CommunicationComputation Connection6

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Principle Of Programmable MatterAn ensemble of fine-grained computing elements arranged in space. A computingsubstratethat is composed of fine-grained compute nodes distributed throughout space which communicate using only nearest neighbor interactions7

APPLICATIONS: ClaytronicsClaytronicsis an abstract future concept that combines nanoscale robotics and computer science to create individual nanometer-scale computers calledclaytronic atoms, or catoms, which can interact with each other to form tangible 3D objects that a user can interact with.

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CLAYTRONICS ASPECTS Computation:. some modern microprocessor cores are now under a square millimeter,they believe thatareas on able amount of computational capacity should fit on the several square millimeters of surface area potentially available in a 2mm-diameter catom.Motion:, catoms will will enable them to form connections much more rapidly than traditional micro robots, andit will make them easier to manufacture in high volume. Catoms will bind to one another and move via electromagnetic or electrostatic forces, depending on catom size9

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CLAYTRONICS (Cont.)Power:Catoms must be able to draw powerwithout having to rely on a bulkybattery or a wired connection. Under a novel resistor-network design there searchers havedeveloped, only a few catoms must be connected in order for the entire ensemble to draw power. When connected catoms are energized, this triggers active routing algorithms which distribute power throughout the ensemble.Communication: Communications is perhaps the biggest challenge in designing catoms. An ensemble could contain millions or billions of catoms, and because of the way inwhich they pack.10

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APPLICATION: Synthetic biology

Synthetic biology is a field that aims to engineer cells with "novel biological functions." Suchcellsare usually used to create larger systems (e.g.,biofilms) which can be "programmed" utilizing syntheticgene networksSuch bioinspired approaches to materials production has been demonstrated, such as Substrate AdhesionProtein Immobilization.Control CellsSignal Propagation Across Cells

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A sensor protein was computationally designed and linked to gene components to enable a plant, Nicotiana tabacum, to display a loss of chlorophyll.

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APPLICATION: Quantum Dots

By the manipulation of quantum dots-artificial atoms, materials that have some properties of real elements.Change the electron population in the quantum dot, can change the materials.Imagine materials with unheard of durability, hardness, conductivity and insulation properties and ability to transition from one mode to another.

APPLICATION: Flexible electronics

PbS FET on KaptonA thiocyanate based ligand exchange process that is compatible with flexible substrates. Kapton films are used as flexible substrates for FETs13

APPLICATON: Electropermanent MagnetElectropermanent magnets are an innovation in "programmable matter." Electropermanent magnets are instrumental for modular robots of this size, allowing Robot Pebbles to (programmatically) self-adhere in a scalable fashion (as devices are miniaturized) with relatively low power consumption.14

FUTURE IDEA ("materials that compute") This responsive, hybrid material, powered by its own chemical reactions, could one day be integrated into clothing and used to monitor the human body, or developed as a skin for "squishy" robots.Published under the title"Pattern recognition for materials that compute"15

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Patients recovering from a hand injury could wear a glove that monitors movement and informs doctors whether the hand is healing properly or if the patient has improved mobility.Another use would be to monitor individuals at risk for early onset Alzheimer's, by wearing footwear that would analyze gait and compare results against normal movements, or a garment that monitors cardiovascular activity for people at risk of heart disease or stroke.Since the devices convert chemical reactions to electrical energy, there would be no need for external electrical power. This would also be ideal for a robot or other device that could utilize the material as a sensory skin.

FUTURE IDEAS Cont.16

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REFERENCEShttps://www.isa.org/uploadedFiles/Content/Membership/Participate_in_a_Technical_Division/TP12IIS019.pdfhttp://www.lrsm.upenn.edu/highlight/nanostructured-programmable-matter-for-functional-architectures-and-devices/

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