Product technical description_y-packet_1.3.2_13_may2014

© YOUNCTA - Confidential This document is for internal use only and may not be distributed to any third party without authorization. FRONT

Y-PACKET�SWR 1.3.2

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

S. Tucci

05 May 2014

© YOUNCTA - Confidential This document is for internal use only and may not be distributed to any third party without authorization. 2

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INTRODUCTION [1] �

This document is a technical overview of the high capacity full-outdoor packet radio Y-Packet. Y-Packet is available in three variants: •  Y-Packet C (copper), where the ODU is directly connected to a PoE injector •  Y-Packet F (fiber), with external VDC power connector and SFP port in addition to electrical PoE port; Y-Packet F can be powered either by VDC or PoE •  Y-Packet [M] (MIRFA), dedicated to military market; can be C or F variant, and is developed in the 8 and 15 GHz radio bands, with dedicated Tx/Rx spacings as required by MIRFA regulations


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INTRODUCTION [2] �

-  System Types -  Radio Frequency Bands & Capacity -  Modem -  Ports -  Ethernet & QoS -  Management -  Security -  Timing & Synchronization -  Environment

The document describes the main features of current SW release, SWR 1.3.2. Features are grouped as follows:


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SYSTEM TYPES – 1+0 UNPROTECTED�

Four system types are available for Y-Packet: 1+0 à Unprotected, with single ODU on each side of the link. Max capacity is 420 Mbps L2 @ 56 MHz & 1024 QAM

throughput up to 420 Mbps L2 @ 56 MHz &

1024 QAM

Y-Packet C, with PoE interface used for both power and data traffic

1+0 link configuration

data traffic


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SYSTEM TYPES – 1+1 HOT STAND-BY �1+1 Hot Stand-By à Protected, two ODUs connected via ODU-to-ODU inter-com cable on each side of the link. The operation of Protection Group is coordinated between the ODU Main and Protection via the ODU-to-ODU inter-com cable. With this configuration, two Network Interfaces are supported in each terminal for data traffic, but only one is active at a time: the one of the Active ODU (can be either Main or Protection), which is enabled to transmit over the Radio interface. Protection Mode can be set to Revertive or Not Revertive, and Manual Operator commands (Forced, Lockout, Clear) are available for troubleshooting or operation purposes

in case of failure, the system switches on the Protection ODU

data traffic data traffic

in normal conditions, data traffic is sent over the Main channel

management traffic for Y-Terminal

only management traffic for Y-Terminal can flow over the ODU-to-ODU inter-com cable


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SYSTEM TYPES – 2+0 XPIC �

2+0 XPIC à Unprotected, two ODUs connected via ODU-to-ODU inter-com cable on each side of the link. Two radio channels are used to carry the total traffic: the two radios transmit over the same frequency (CCDP), by using the two orthogonal polarization H and V with Cross Polarization Interference Cancellation (XPIC). Total link capacity is doubled with respect to 1+0 : max value is 840 Mbps L2 @ 56 MHz & 1024 QAM (*)

(*) Layer 1 Link Aggrega0on to be introduced with SW Release 1.4.0, available H2 2014

data traffic is sent over the H and V polarizations, doubling total capacity (*)

management traffic for Y-Terminal flows independently over the two polarizations

total throughput up to 840 Mbps L2 @ 56 MHz & 1024 QAM (*)

in case of failure the transmission is continued on the other polarization

with reduced capacity

X


management traffic for Y-Terminal

XPIC cancellation data flows over the ODU-to-ODU inter-com cable


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SYSTEM TYPES - REPEATER�

Repeater à Unprotected, with single ODU on each side of the link. Two ODUs are connected via one of the available Ethernet ports (SFP in the case below); traffic received over the radio interface of ODU-West is forwarded to the radio interface of ODU-East (and viceversa).

management traffic goes over the fiber connection from ODU-West to ODU-East; it can be separated from data traffic on a different VLAN

SFP

VLAN management

VLANs traffic

data traffic can be added/dropped on PoE


data traffic

management traffic


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RADIO FREQUENCY BANDS & CAPACITY �

Y-Packet C and F are available in following Frequency Bands: Licensed Bands:

6L (*), 6U, 7, 8, 10.5, 11, 13, 15, 18, 23, 32, 38 (*) GHz Unlicensed Bands (Y-Packet Free): 17, 24 GHz

and can reach Maximum Radio Capacity of: Up to 420 Mbps Layer 2 @ 56 MHz & 1024QAM in 1+0 configuration

Up to 840 Mbps Layer 2 @ 56 MHz & 1024QAM in XPIC configuration (with Layer 1 Link Aggregation)

(*) Available H2 2014


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MAX OUTPUT POWER �Here below a table with Max Output Power and ATPC range values for each bandwidth and modulation settings:


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ENHANCED TX POWER AND ATPC �

Two more feature provide enhanced management of output power:

Digital Pre-distorter: Digital pre-distortion allows to transmit in the non linear zone of the power amplifier, improving its saturation point at the higher modulation. Pre-distortion is implemented in a digital section by means of a non linear filter. By inversely distorting the signal prior the power amplifier, the transmitter power can be significantly increased; the combined effect of the pre-distortion and power amplifier can be seen as an higher output linear amplification. As a result the transmitter power can be increased up to 4 dBm allowing coverage of longer distances.

ATPC (Automatic Transmit Power Control) : ATPC allows to adjust the transmitted power in the local station in order to compensate a received power reduction, in the remote side of the link, due to bad propagation conditions. ATPC provides the following advantages: •  reduces interference towards other radio systems •  when working with Manual Modulation, it keeps Tx power adjusted to lowest target value, thus reducing power consumption •  when working with ACM (Adaptive Code Modulation), it assures maximum level of modulation (highest throughput), and the lowest Tx power for each modulation level •  provides effective countermeasure against “upfading” effects


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EXAMPLE – ATPC AND ACM �The diagram on the right provides an example of ATPC mechanism working with ACM, in a case of link attenuation (e.g. rain-cell transit). You can follow how Y-Packet “A” starts increasing/decreasing its Tx power based on the Rx power level feedback provided by Y-Packet “B”.


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SENSITIVITY – 7 MHZ �Please find below a table with guaranteed Sensitivity values @ 7 MHz:


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MODEM �

Y-Packet modem features are here summarized: Available Modulations:

4, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024 QAM

Available Bandwidth: ETSI 7, 14, 28, 40, 56 MHz ANSI 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 MHz

Channel Encoding: Efficient encoding based on two levels of coding: a convolutional code with code rate R=0.8 on the last 2 bits of each radio symbol (R=0.67 for 1024 QAM modulation), plus Reed Solomon coding.


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PORTS [1] �

Y-Packet available ports are: 1 PoE GE port (Y-Packet C & F):

one electrical GE port is available, also used to provide equipment power. This port can be configured in terms of: Autonegotiation, Speed&Duplex, Tx and/or Rx Flow Control, Administrative Status, Raise Alarm Status. A Policer (Ingress Rate Limiter) can be enabled on port, and the max ingress rate fixed (Mbps).

1 SFP Optical GE port (Y-Packet F only): an additional SFP GE port is available at Y-Packet F; it can be configured in terms of Tx and/or Rx Flow Control, Administrative Status, Raise Alarm Status. A Policer (Ingress Rate Limiter) can be enabled on port, and the max ingress rate fixed (Mbps).


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PORTS [2] �

1 RJ45 for XPIC and1+1 HSB (Y-Packet C & F): one RJ45 port for ODU-to-ODU inter-com is available on Y-Packet. This port is used for operation on: •  XPIC configuration – cross-polarization data are exchanged between the two connected ODUs over the ODU-to-ODU inter-com cable, in order to provide XPIC data signals from one ODU to the other •  1+1 HSB - used for 1+1 HSB protection handling: the two mate ODUs exchange information about their status: based

on these info, the system is able to switch transmission in case the Active ODU is found to be faulty, squelching the radio transmitter on the faulty ODU and switching on transmitter on the Stand-By ODU. Also Management traffic is

carried over the ODU-to-ODU inter-com cable. 1 RSSI Alignment (Y-Packet C & F): used for antenna alignment during installation phase, it detects a voltage value that is proportional to Rx power

1 External Power Supply (Y-Packet F only): used for VDC power supply, as an alternative to PoE


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ETHERNET [1] �

In terms of Ethernet protocols and processing , Y-Packet provides following features:

Support for VLAN IEEE 802.1Q: Ethernet ports (PoE and SFP) can be configured as VLAN Trunk, Access, or Transparent Mode. •  As Access mode, each port will accept untagged frames, and tag these with the configured VLAN ID and Priority. VLAN tagged frames will not be forwarded form/to radio interface, as these will be discarded. •  As Trunk mode, a list of allowed VLAN IDs can be defined by user; tagged frames with a VLAN ID included in the list will be forwarded from/to radio interface, other VLAN IDs will be discarded. A Hybrid mode can be also configured, where also untagged frames are allowed to be forwarded on the Trunk ports. •  As Transparent mode, all frames, tagged and untagged, will be transparently forwarded from/to radio interface.

data traffic

data traffic

data traffic is tagged at Ethernet Access interface with VLAN 20

and sent over the radio tagged VLAN 20 data traffic

untagged management traffic is sent through the Ethernet Trunk interface for Y-Terminal to local

and remote ODU

management traffic for Y-terminal

tagged VLAN 20 data traffic flows through

switch to core network


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ETHERNET [2] �

Policer (Ingress Rate Limiter): Policing is a regulation mechanism used to limit the rate of traffic. It propagates bursts, although allowing to keep the maximum rate of traffic below a configurable threshold. By means of Web Management Interface, operator can independently configure the maximum ingress rate on SFP and/or PoE ports. When the traffic rate exceeds this configured maximum rate, policing drops the excess traffic.

Configurable buffer for long fiber distances: The configurable data radio buffer is meant to cope with long fiber. Using the Ethernet flow control and the appropriate buffer length prevent data loss when radio congestion occurs. The buffer provides two different thresholds, proportional to the fiber length. The buffer can compensate up to 80 Km.

Support for Jumbo frames: Jumbo frames are Ethernet frames with more than 1500 bytes of payload. Y-packet supports processing of frames up to 9700 bytes.

Support for Flow Control IEEE 802.3X: When the total data rate ingressing the two Ethernet ports is higher than the maximum bandwidth available at the radio port, Flow Control mechanism is required to exploit maximum throughput on the radio interface. It is implemented by sending Pause Frames, with a value of pause time (quanta). Y-Packet implements two cascading buffers: one in the switch facing the two Ethernet ports, and the other in the FPGA where the modem is implemented. Between the two buffers there is a standard IEEE 802.3x Xon/Xoff mechanism.


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QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS)�

For optimal performance, some Quality of Service is required to be configured over the radio interface, for managing delay, delay variation (jitter), bandwidth, and packet loss parameters on a network.

Y-Packet QoS output scheduling operates as a Weighted Round Robin (WRR). Each queue has an allocated weight, that defines the amount of bandwidth allocated to the queue.

WRR works between four or three queues (three in cases where Q1 is configured as strict priority). The queues in the WRR are emptied in a round-robin fashion: these have fixed weights of 8,4,2,1 for respectively Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4.

QoS can be configured to work with two basic

classifiers: IEEE 802.1p or IPv4 DSCP

weight=8

weight=4

weight=2

weight=1

all bandwidth required

weight=4

weight=2

weight=1


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MANAGEMENT [1] �

Y-Packet provides intuitive Web Management Interface based on AJAX technology. Main features at a glance:

Double IPv4 stack (Y-packet F only): The double IP stack feature consists of two independent IP stacks, S1 and S2, sharing the same MAC address as well as the application layer services. S1 and S2 are named Primary and Secondary Management respectively. Stack 2 has been implemented for management purposes: it allows operator to perform management from a dedicated port, that is PoE configured as TMN. By means of Web Management Interface, PoE port can be configured as TMN, and S2 assigned a dedicated IP address and VLAN ID. No access to S2 is allowed from optical port. In case both SFP and PoE are configured as ordinary traffic ports, the S2 is shut down, and only S1 can be reached.

S2 is shut down

both Ethernet ports use Primary Management for

Y-Terminal

S2 is enabled

SFP uses Primary Management for

Y-Terminal PoE as TMN uses

Secondary Management for Y-Terminal


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MANAGEMENT [2] �

Management over SNMPv2 protocol: Y-Packet can be managed over SNMPv2 protocol. Its MIB structure can be easily integrated into third-parties NMS systems. By means of Web Management Interface, SNMP management can be enabled/disabled. For Alarm handling, a list of up to 10 SNMP Trap Receivers can be configured: for each of these, the IPv4 address, UDP port and Administrative Status shall be defined. These SNMP Trap Receivers will be sent a SNMP Notification, with the description of Alarm, Timestamp, Severity, Status (raised/cleared). ACLs (Access Control Lists) have been implemented for SNMP. Up to 6 ACLs con be configured by user. When one or more ACLs are configured, the system will perform a check on the IP allowed/not allowed to access equipment for SNMP.

Logging of any user activity: Users activity tracing has been added into Event History logs. Tracing includes events like users attempts to login (successful and unsuccessful), configuration changes, as well as general info about system operational status and alarms. For each user, the Event History is reporting: User ID, date and time of activity, IPv4, IPv6 if any, description of each event, type of event recorded (Config, Info, Alarm).

Support for IPv6:

Y-Packet can be managed over IPv6 protocol. The IPv6 128-bit address can be either assigned manually or as stateless auto-configuration (SLAAC). The SLAAC mode shall support two options: •  Link-local only: the Management interface shall self assign an IPv6 address according to the RFC 4291: this means that any router

advertisement shall be ignored. •  Automatic: the interface shall set the IPv6 local link address and listen to possible router advertisements. The default gateway shall be automatically acquired by means of router advertisements from a local solicitating router.


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SECURITY [1] �In terms of security, Y-Packet provides following features: RADIUS user Authentication & Authorization: Y-Packet users can be optionally authenticated and authorized by means of a RADIUS server. The equipment performs the following: •  Authentication: means users shall be granted access to Y-Packet because they match in the RADIUS server user's DBA •  Authorization: means that each user shall be authorized as either Admin or Monitor Each time that user tries connection to Web Management Interface, his credentials will be sent over the HTTP protocol. User and password (password is encrypted) are encapsulated as Attribute Value Pair (AVP) in the message Access-Request, and sent to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server replies with the massage Access-Accept: subsequently, Y-Packet grants access to the user by logging he in. In case a Access-Reject message is received, because credentials did not match in any database, the user will not be granted the access. Up to three RADIUS servers can be independently configured for access.

1 - User opens browser and connects to Y-‐Terminal

(hKp://Y-‐Packet_IP_Address), then inserts username and password

2 - Y-‐Packet encapsulates creden0als (password is encrypted) as AKribute Value Pair (AVP) and sends a Access-‐Request message to RADIUS server(s).

3 - In case a match is found for user creden0als, the RADIUS server replies with the message Access-‐Accept to Y-‐Packet.

4 –Y-‐Packet grants access to the user by logging he in.


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SECURITY [2] �

Secure Management Access (HTTPS): Secure Management Access feature allows user to connect to Web Management Interface using HTTPS protocol. Configuration of allowed/denied protocols (both HTTP and HTTPS, one or none of the two) can be done via web. Also Backup Configuration function can be performed over HTTPS.

ACLs (Access Control Lists) have been implemented for Web (HTTP and HTTPS). Up to 6 ACLs can be configured by user. When one or more ACLs are configured, the system will perform a check on the IP allowed/not allowed to access equipment for HTTP and/or HTTPS. Each of the

6 ACLs can be independently enabled/disabled. Configurable Firewall: Both Primary and Secondary Management Interfaces can be configured in terms of access permitted/denied for some protocols. SSH is normally enabled on both Interfaces, but it can be denied for security purposes. Also ICMP Reply can be firewalled.

Three User Privileges: Three user privileges are available at Y-Packet: •  “Admin”, having full administrator rights on equipment configuration and definition of new users •  “Technician”, who is granted the same rights of “Admin” except add/modify/delete new users. It can change only her/his own password.

•  “Monitor”, having no rights to change equipment configuration. It is allowed to perform only some manual operation for troubleshooting and operation purposes


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TIMING AND SYNCHRONIZATION [1] �

Up to Five Configurable NTP Servers For timing purposes, up to 5 NTP Servers can be configured on Y-Terminal to use NTP as synchronization source. Once that the NTP process has been enabled, each of the configured and enabled NTP Servers will be polled by system. One of the NTP servers (NTP Server 1), is marked as “preferred”: this means that, although synchronized with any of the remaining 4 servers, the system will check availability of preferred NTP Server 1 and synch to it where service available. Each of the 5 NTP Servers can be independently enabled/disabled.

NTP Server 1 Preferred

NTP 2 to 5 Servers

1

2

3

1 – Y-‐Packet sends a NTP synchroniza0on request to NTP Server 1 “Preferred”. If not available, then 2

2 – Y-‐Packet sends a NTP synchroniza0on request to NTP Servers from 2 to 5, synchronizing to the first available one. Although synchronized to NTP server 2...5, a[er some 0me is behaves as 3

3 – Although synchronized, Y-‐Packet sends again a NTP synchroniza0on request to NTP Server 1 “Preferred”, trying to synchronize to it.


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TIMING AND SYNCHRONIZATION [2] �

Transparent Synchronous Ethernet: Y-Packet can support operation within a Synchronous Ethernet network, by allowing the clock propagation from one terminal of the link to the other (Clock Transparency). Synchronous Ethernet can be configured by Y-Terminal as Ethernet-to-Radio (from PoE or SFP interfaces) or Radio-to-Ethernet.

The symbol rate of the RF carrier is locked to the in-GE clock in both Master and Slave sides, while the clock recovered from the symbol rate of the received RF signal drives the out-GE clock on the Master side in normal operating conditions. •  Slave. Equipment recovers the clock from the incoming Ethernet physical signal and uses that clock both to

clock the outgoing Ethernet signal and the transmitted radio bit stream. •  Master. Equipment recovers the clock from the incoming radio bit stream and uses that clock for the outgoing Ethernet.

Synchronization from Network

Clock-In terminal recovers the clock from the Ethernet interface clock propagation direction

Clock-Out terminal recovers the clock from the incoming radio interface and uses the

clock for the outgoing Ethernet interface


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ENVIRONMENT�

Y-Packet can operate in a temperature range from -33 °C to +50 °C. A new version of Y-Packet C & F, named Y-Packet CI & FI (I stands for “Ice”), is under development, in order to extend the operating temperature range to -50 °C/+50 °C.


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Y-PACKET NETWORK DEPLOYMENT EXAMPLE �

At following slide, you can find a network layout of an existing project deployed by a customer located in New Zealand. Five logical ERPS rings (blue) can be observed in the network, with main segments of the rings realized with Y-Packet radio links. The Y-Packet links interconnect several Indoor equipment running ERPS protocol (i.e. Cisco ASR900 series equipment). Each IDU participates in more than one logical ERPS ring instance. Different services are implemented throughout the network (Rail, Water, IT services), and single and total capacities required over each radio link are marked with different colours. One of the main segments of one ring, moving towards the core network (Masterton DC–Climie) has been deployed as XPIC configuration, to achieve maximum radio bandwidth.


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GWRC PROJECT�

Y-Packet radio link

Y-Packet radio links



Y-Packet XPIC link


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Product technical description_y-packet_1.3.2_13_may2014