Processing Big Data in Real-Time - Yanai Franchi, Tikal

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ProcessingProcessing“BIG-DATA”“BIG-DATA”In In Real TimeReal Time

Yanai Franchi , TikalYanai Franchi , Tikal

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Two years ago...Two years ago...

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Vacation to BarcelonaVacation to Barcelona

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After a Long Travel DayAfter a Long Travel Day

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Going to a Salsa Club

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Best Salsa Club NOW

● Good Music

● Crowded – Now!

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Same Problem in “gogobot”

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gogobot checkinHeat Map Service

Lets' Develop“Gogobot Checkins Heat-Map”

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Key Notes● Collector Service - Collects checkins as text addresses

– We need to use GeoLocation ServiceWe need to use GeoLocation Service

● Upon elapsed interval, the last locations list will be displayed as Heat-Map in GUI.

● Web Scale service – 10Ks checkins/seconds all over the world (imaginary, but lets do it for the exercise).

● Accuracy – Sample data, NOT critical data.

– Proportionately representative

– Data volume is large enough to is large enough to compensate for data loss.compensate for data loss.

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Heat-Map Context

Text-Address

Checkins Heat-MapService

Gogobot System

GogobotMicro Service



Geo LocationService

Get-GeoCode(Address)

Heat-Map

Last Interval Locations

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Database

Persist Checkin Intervals

ProcessingCheckins

ReadText Address

Check-in #1Check-in #2Check-in #3Check-in #4Check-in #5Check-in #6Check-in #7Check-in #8Check-in #9...

Simulate Checkins with a File

Plan A

GET Geo Location

Geo LocationService

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Tons of Addresses Arriving Every Second

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Architect - First Reaction...

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Second Reaction...

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DeveloperFirst

Reaction

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SecondReaction

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Problems ?

● Tedious: Spend time conf iguring where to send messages, deploying workers, and deploying intermediate queues.

● Brittle: There's little fault-tolerance.

● Painful to scale: Partition of running worker/s is complicated.

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What We Want ?● Horizontal scalability● Fault-tolerance● No intermediate message brokers!● Higher level abstraction than message

passing● “Just works”● Guaranteed data processing (not in this

case)

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Apache Storm

✔Horizontal scalability

✔Fault-tolerance

✔No intermediate message brokers!

✔Higher level abstraction than message passing

✔“Just works”

✔Guaranteed data processing

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Anatomy of Storm

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What is Storm ?

● CEP - Open source and distributed realtime computation system. – Makes it easy to Makes it easy to reliably process unboundedreliably process unbounded streams streams ofof

tuplestuples– Doing for realtime processing what Hadoop did for batch Doing for realtime processing what Hadoop did for batch

processing.processing.

● Fast - 1M Tuples/sec per node. – It is scalable,fault-tolerant, guarantees your data will be It is scalable,fault-tolerant, guarantees your data will be

processed, and is easy to set up and operate.processed, and is easy to set up and operate.

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Streams

Tuple Tuple Tuple Tuple Tuple Tuple

Unbounded sequence of tuples

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Spouts

Tuple Tuple

Sources of Streams

Tuple Tuple

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Bolts

Tuple

TupleTuple

Processes input streams and producesnew streams

TupleTupleTupleTuple

Tuple TupleTuple

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Storm Topology

Network of spouts and bolts

Tuple

TupleTuple

TupleTuple TupleTupleTuple TupleTupleTuple

Tuple

Tuple

TupleTuple TupleTupleTuple

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Guarantee for Processing

● Storm guarantees the full processing of a tuple by tracking its state

● In case of failure, Storm can re-process it.● Source tuples with full “acked” trees are removed

from the system

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Tasks (Bolt/Spout Instance)

Spouts and bolts execute asmany tasks across the cluster

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Stream Grouping

When a tuple is emitted, which task(instance) does it go to?

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Stream Grouping

● Shuff le grouping: pick a random task● Fields grouping: consistent hashing on a subset of

tuple f ields● All grouping: send to all tasks● Global grouping: pick task with lowest id

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Tasks , Executors , Workers

Task Task Task

Worker Process

Sput /Bolt

Sput /Bolt

Sput /Bolt=

Executor Thread

JVM

Executor Thread

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Bolt B Bolt B

Worker Process

Executor

Spout A

Executor

Node

SupervisorBolt C Bolt C

Executor

Bolt B Bolt B

Worker Process

Executor

Spout A

Executor

Node

SupervisorBolt C Bolt C

Executor

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Nimbus

Supervisor Supervisor



Upload/Rebalance Heat-Map Topology

Zoo KeeperNodes

Storm Architecture

Master Node (similar to Hadoop JobTracker)

NOT criticalfor running topology

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Nimbus





Zoo Keeper

Storm Architecture

Used For Cluster Coordination

A few nodes

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Nimbus





Zoo Keeper

Storm Architecture

Run Worker Processes

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Assembling Heatmap Topology

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HeatMap Input/Output Tuples

● Input Tuples: Timestamp and Text Address : – (9:00:07 PM , “287 Hudson St New York NY 10013”)(9:00:07 PM , “287 Hudson St New York NY 10013”)

● Output Tuple: Time interval, and a list of points for it:– (9:00:00 PM to 9:00:15 PM, (9:00:00 PM to 9:00:15 PM,

ListList((((40.719,-73.98740.719,-73.987),(40.726,-74.001),(),(40.726,-74.001),(40.719,-73.98740.719,-73.987))))

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Checkins Spout

GeocodeLookup

Bolt

HeatmapBuilder

Bolt

PersistorBolt

(9:01 PM @ 287 Hudson st)

(9:01 PM , (40.736, -74,354)))

Heat Map Storm

Topology(9:00 PM – 9:15 PM , List((40.73, -74,34),

(51.36, -83,33),(69.73, -34,24))

Upon Elapsed Interval

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Checkins Spoutpublic class CheckinsSpout extends BaseRichSpout {

private List<String> sampleLocations;private int nextEmitIndex;private SpoutOutputCollector outputCollector;

@Overridepublic void open(Map map, TopologyContext topologyContext,

SpoutOutputCollector spoutOutputCollector) {this.outputCollector = spoutOutputCollector;this.nextEmitIndex = 0;sampleLocations = IOUtils.readLines(

ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream("sanple-locations.txt"));}

@Overridepublic void nextTuple() {

String address = checkins.get(nextEmitIndex);String checkin = new Date().getTime()+"@ADDRESS:"+address;

outputCollector.emit(new Values(checkin));nextEmitIndex = (nextEmitIndex + 1) % sampleLocations.size();

}

@Override

public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {declarer.declare(new Fields("str"));

}}

We hold stateNo need for thread safety

Declare output fields

Been called iteratively by Storm

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Geocode Lookup Boltpublic class GeocodeLookupBolt extends BaseBasicBolt {

private LocatorService locatorService;

@Overridepublic void prepare(Map stormConf, TopologyContext context) {

locatorService = new GoogleLocatorService();}

@Overridepublic void execute(Tuple tuple, BasicOutputCollector outputCollector) {

String str = tuple.getStringByField("str");String[] parts = str.split("@");Long time = Long.valueOf(parts[0]);String address = parts[1];

LocationDTO locationDTO = locatorService.getLocation(address);String city = locationDTO.getCity();outputCollector.emit(new Values(city,time,locationDTO) );

}

@Overridepublic void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer fieldsDeclarer) {

fieldsDeclarer.declare(new Fields("city","time", "location"));}

}

Get Geocode, Create DTO

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Tick Tuple – Repeating Mantra

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Two Streams to Heat-Map Builder

On tick tuple, we f lush our Heat-Map

Checkin 1 Checkin 4 Checkin 5 Checkin 6

HeatMap-Builder Bolt

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Tick Tuple in Actionpublic class HeatMapBuilderBolt extends BaseBasicBolt {

private Map<String, List<LocationDTO>> heatmaps;

@Overridepublic Map<String, Object> getComponentConfiguration() {

Config conf = new Config();conf.put(Config.TOPOLOGY_TICK_TUPLE_FREQ_SECS, 60 );return conf;

}


if (isTickTuple(tuple)) {// Emit accumulated intervals

} else {// Add check-in info to the current interval in the Map

}}

private boolean isTickTuple(Tuple tuple) { return tuple.getSourceComponent().equals(Constants.SYSTEM_COMPONENT_ID)

&& tuple.getSourceStreamId().equals(Constants.SYSTEM_TICK_STREAM_ID);}

@Overridepublic void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {

declarer.declare(new Fields("time-interval", "city","locationsList"));}

Tick interval

Hold latest intervals

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Persister Boltpublic class PersistorBolt extends BaseBasicBolt {

private Jedis jedis;


Long timeInterval = tuple.getLongByField("time-interval"); String city = tuple.getStringByField("city"); String locationsList = objectMapper.writeValueAsString

( tuple.getValueByField("locationsList"));

String dbKey = "checkins-" + timeInterval+"@"+city;

jedis.setex(dbKey, 3600*24 ,locationsList);

jedis.publish("location-key", dbKey);

}}

Publish in Redis channel for debugging

Persist in Redisfor 24h

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Shuffle Grouping

Shuffle Grouping


Sample Checkins File

Read Text Addresses

Transforming the TuplesCheckins

Spout

GeocodeLookup

Bolt

HeatmapBuilder

Bolt

DatabasePersistor

Bolt

Get Geo Location

Geo LocationService

Field Grouping(city)

Group by city

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Heat Map Topologypublic class LocalTopologyRunner { public static void main(String[] args) {

TopologyBuilder builder = buildTopolgy();StormSubmitter.submitTopology(

"local-heatmap", new Config(), builder.createTopology());

}

private static TopologyBuilder buildTopolgy() { topologyBuilder builder = new TopologyBuilder(); builder.setSpout("checkins", new CheckinsSpout());

builder.setBolt("geocode-lookup", new GeocodeLookupBolt() ).shuffleGrouping("checkins");

builder.setBolt("heatmap-builder", new HeatMapBuilderBolt() ).fieldsGrouping("geocode-lookup", new Fields("city"));

builder.setBolt("persistor", new PersistorBolt() ).shuffleGrouping("heatmap-builder");

return builder;

}}

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Its NOT Scaled

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Scaling the Topologypublic class LocalTopologyRunner {conf.setNumWorkers(20); public static void main(String[] args) {

TopologyBuilder builder = buildTopolgy();Config conf = new Config();conf.setNumWorkers(2);StormSubmitter.submitTopology(

"local-heatmap", conf, builder.createTopology()); }

private static TopologyBuilder buildTopolgy() { topologyBuilder builder = new TopologyBuilder(); builder.setSpout("checkins", new CheckinsSpout(), 4 );

builder.setBolt("geocode-lookup", new GeocodeLookupBolt() , 8 ).shuffleGrouping("checkins").setNumTasks(64);

builder.setBolt("heatmap-builder", new HeatMapBuilderBolt() , 4).fieldsGrouping("geocode-lookup", new Fields("city"));

builder.setBolt("persistor", new PersistorBolt() , 2 ).shuffleGrouping("heatmap-builder").setNumTasks(4);

return builder;

}}

Parallelism hint

Increase TasksFor Future

Set no. of workers

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Database

Storm Heat-Map Topology


GET Geo Location


ReadText Address

Sample Checkins File

Recap – Plan A

Geo LocationService

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We have something working

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Add Kafka Messaging

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Plan B - Kafka Spout&Bolt to HeatMap

GeocodeLookup

Bolt

HeatmapBuilder

Bolt

KafkaCheckins

Spout

Database

PersistorBolt

Geo LocationService

Read Text Addresses

CheckinKafkaTopic

PublishCheckins

LocationsTopic

KafkaLocations

Bolt

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They all are GoodBut not for all use-cases

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KafkaA little introduction

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Pub-Sub Messaging System

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Stateless Broker &Doesn't Fear the File System

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Topics● Logical collections of partitions (the physical f iles). ● A broker contains some of the partitions for a topic

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A partition is Consumed byExactly One Group's Consumer

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Distributed &Fault-Tolerant

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Broker 1 Broker 3Broker 2

Zoo Keeper

Consumer 1 Consumer 2

Producer 1 Producer 2

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Broker 1 Broker 4Broker 3Broker 2

Zoo Keeper



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Zoo Keeper



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Zoo Keeper



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Zoo Keeper



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Zoo Keeper



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Zoo Keeper



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Zoo Keeper



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Zoo Keeper



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Zoo Keeper



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Zoo Keeper

Consumer 1


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Zoo Keeper

Consumer 1


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Zoo Keeper

Consumer 1


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Performance Benchmark3 Brokers

3 Producers3 Consumers

Cheap Machines

• “Up to 2 million writes/sec on 3 cheap machines”

• Using 3 producers on 3 different machines, 3x async replication,

• Only 1 producer/machine because NIC already saturatedOnly 1 producer/machine because NIC already saturated

• End-to-End Latency is about 10ms for 99.9%

• Sustained throughput as stored data grows

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Add Kafka to our Topologypublic class LocalTopologyRunner { ...

private static TopologyBuilder buildTopolgy() {

... builder.setSpout("checkins", new KafkaSpout(kafkaConfig) , 4); ... builder.setBolt("kafkaProducer", new KafkaOutputBolt ( "localhost:9092",

"kafka.serializer.StringEncoder","locations-topic"))

.shuffleGrouping("persistor");

return builder;}

}

Kafka Bolt

Kafka Spout

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Checkin HTTP Reactor

PublishCheckins

Database

CheckinKafkaTopic

Consume Checkins

Storm Heat-Map Topology

LocationsKafkaTopic

Publish Interval Key


Geo LocationServiceGET Geo

Location

Text-Address

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Demo

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SummaryWhen You go out to Salsa Club...

● Good Music

● Crowded

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More Conclusions..

● BigData – Also refers to Velocity of data (not only Volume of data)

● Storm – Great for real-time BigData processing. Complementary for Hadoop batch jobs.

● Kafka – Great messaging for logs/events data, been served as a good “source” for Storm spout

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Thanks

Technology

Processing Big Data in Real-Time - Yanai Franchi, Tikal