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Proactive Displays:Bridging the Gaps between
Online Social Networksand Shared Physical Spaces
Joe McCarthy
Principal Instigator
Strands Labs, Seattle
Outline
• A few shameless plugs
• Overview: A brief history of Proactive Displays
• An example: the Context, Content & Community Collage
• Related work: commercial & academic
• Future plans
(Slides available online at http://www.slideshare.net/gumption)
Strands: social recommendation & discovery
http://www.strands.com/corp
http://blog.strands.com
Strands: social recommendation & discovery
Big announcement today: BBVA + StrandsTú cuentas (You count, in Spanish)
Strands: social recommendation & discovery
“What you play counts!”
Recommender System Startup Contest
Deadline: 15 September 2008
ACM RecSys 200823-25 October
Lausanne, Switzerland
Strands Labs Seattle
Mission:
“To design, develop and deploy technologies that weave together the various strands of our activities, interests and passions to bridge the gaps between the digital and physical worlds and help people relate to the other people, places and things around them in ways that offer value to all participants.”
[http://gumption.typepad.com/blog/2008/03/innovating-at-m.html]
Location:
Proactive Displays: Definition
\(ˌ)prō-ˈak-tiv\ adjective
acting in anticipation of future problems, needs, or changes
\di-ˈsplā\ noun
a setting or presentation of something in open view
+
OnlineProfiles
Physical Tokens
+
LargeDisplays
BetterReal-worldInteractions
Bridging the gaps between peopleby bridging the gaps between the online and offline worlds
=
Large visual or aural displays that can sense & respond to the people and activities taking place in their vicinity
Proactive Displays
1st Generation Proactive Displays
MusicFX
MusicFX: An Arbiter of Group Preferences for Computer-Supported Cooperative WorkoutsJoseph F. McCarthy and Theodore Anagnost1998 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW ‘98)
A Multi-Agent System for Meting Out Influence in an Intelligent EnvironmentM. V. Nagendra Prasad and Joseph F. McCarthyEleventh Innovative Applications in Artificial Intelligence Conference (IAAI ‘99)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLgXLl4uGYk
a fitness center environment that knows who is working out, what they like to listen to,
and dynamically adjusts the music to best suit the group of exercisers at any given time.
2nd Generation Proactive Displays
Visual Awareness Location Tools (ActiveMap & EventManager)
ActiveMap: A Visualization Tool for Location Awareness to Support Informal InteractionsJoseph F. McCarthy and Eric S. MeidelFirst International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing (HUC '99)
EventManager: Support for the Peripheral Awareness of EventsJoseph F. McCarthy and Theodore D. Anagnost.Second International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing (HUC 2000)
a suite of tools for creating greater awareness of the location and activities of colleagues within a workgroup,
with an aim to provide more opportunities for informal communication
3rd Generation Proactive Displays
UniCast, OutCast, GroupCast: Ubiquitous Peripheral Displays
UniCast, OutCast & GroupCast: Three Steps Toward Ubiquitous Peripheral DisplaysJoseph F. McCarthy, Tony J. Costa and Edy S. LiongosariThird International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp 2001)
Promoting Awareness of Work Activities through Peripheral DisplaysElaine M. Huang, Joe Tullio, Tony J. Costa and Joseph F. McCarthy2002 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems (CHI 2002)
4th Generation Proactive Displays
AutoSpeakerID Ticket2Talk Neighborhood Window
Augmenting the Social Space of an Academic ConferenceJoseph F. McCarthy, David W. McDonald, Suzanne Soroczak, David H. Nguyen and Al M. RashidACM 2004 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2004)
Proactive Displays: Supporting Awareness in Fluid Social EnvironmentsDavid W. McDonald, Joseph F. McCarthy, Suzanne Soroczak, David H. Nguyen and Al M. RashidACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interactions (TOCHI), Vol. 14, No. 4, January 2008
4th Generation Proactive Displays (v 2)
5th Generation Proactive Displays
The Context, Content & Community Collage
@ Nokia Research Center Palo Alto
The Context, Content & Community Collage: Sharing Personal Digital Media in the Physical WorkplaceJoseph F. McCarthy, Ben Congleton, F. Maxwell HarperTo appear: ACM 2008 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2008)
The Latest Generation of Proactive Displays
• Shortcomings of previous efforts• Special-purpose sensors
(IR badges, RFID tags)
• Special-purpose profiles
• Special-purpose installations
• Goals of present / future efforts• Multi-purpose sensors
(BT mobiles … NFC)
• Multi-purpose profiles
• Multi-purpose installations
The Problem
• Employees feel un[der]appreciated
• #1 reason people leave jobs (US Labor Dept)
• 2/3 of workers receive no recognition (Gallup)
• Active disengagement costs US$300B / year
• Employees feel disconnected
• Lack of community in workplace
• Us vs. them
• Managers have less time,broader responsibilities
• Difficult to manage frequent, sustained “personal touch”
Friendships at Work
30% of employees have a best friend at work (BF@W)
20% of employees dedicate time to building relationships at work
Employees with a BF@W are 50% more satisfied with their company
Employees with a BF@W are 7 times more likely to be engaged in their work
Maintaining Friendships through Social Media
• ambient intimacy • “being able to keep in touch with people with a level of regularity
and intimacy that you wouldn’t usually have access to”
• Leisa Reichert
• http://www.disambiguity.com/ambient-intimacy/
• http://www.slideshare.net/leisa/ambient-intimacy
• continuous partial friendship • David Weinberger
• http://www.hyperorg.com/backissues/joho-may04-07.html
Friendships through Social Media @ Work?
@
The Context, Content & Community Collage:A proactive display application
Opening physical windows into online contentin workplace contexts
to foster a greater sense of community
A New Generation of Proactive Displays
• Goal: increase the sense of community in the workplace
• Method: open windows in shared physical spaces into the social media co-workers are creating
• Situated Social Software (SiSoSo) [vs. Mobile Social Software (MoSoSo)]
• Hypotheses
• Adding a physical dimension of audience will promote greater social media usage
• Social media sharing in the workplace will enhance personal relationships
• Enhanced personal relationships will lead to more productive professional relationships
• Challenges
• Privacy / benefit tradeoff (usability vs. security)
• Sustainable engagement (after novelty factor has worn off)
• How to measure the impact? (measuring community, relationships)
A User-Generated Video on Proactive Displays
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5rU9cAiYsY
Signup / Login
Select / Configure Module
Select Bluetooth Device(s)
Locations (mock-up)
Hardware & Software
Interactions with / through the displays
Interactions with displays
The Highest Rated Content (5 up votes)
Edge detection
http://www.snopes.com/horrors/robbery/kidney.asp
Everything in moderation
Moderation: NSFW [Not Safe For Work]
Moderation: SFW
Number of Actions by Day of Week
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thurs Fri Sat
Number of Actions by Hour of Day
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Evaluation: interactions through displays
• Context
• 8 displays, deployed July 19, evaluated after 4 weeks
• 75 full-time / part-time residents
• 44 proactive display accounts (34 non-empty)
• Perpetual alpha (location sensing, new modules, new features)
• Hypotheses
• Adding a physical dimension of audience will promote greater social media usage
• Social media sharing in the workplace will enhance personal relationships
• Enhanced personal relationships will lead to more productive professional relationships
• Web-based Survey
• Mix of multiple choice and open text questions
• 32 responses
Positive / Negative Impact (Personal / Professional)
A few choice comments
• I was surprised by some of the photos taken by [a colleague]. I had no idea of his very diversified and, in some cases, adventurous interests, and his photos showed me a side of him I would have never realized. The photos also give you an appreciation of other people's interests and unique travels. I find the photos absolutely fascinating and a very strong method of bringing all of us closer.
• I[t] was nice to see people putting up "themes". One person had a Star Wars theme, actually happening just by tags, but appeared to me as if a themed series of photos.
• Somewhat negative: I was surprised to see a photo of my family (my husband and my two kids) with another female friend. They were all sprawled on the grass. It reminded me of a picnic we all had together. But it also made me self-conscious: what would other people think of seeing this scene. Who is the "mystery lady"? Positive: walking into the kitchen and spotting my daughter's happy face on the screen. It was a nice greeting! Positive: I am delighted to see other peoples pics of exotic places they visited. Negative: seeing a picture of a guy in his underwear. The face was not in the pics so I couldn't tell who it is. Somebody esle in the room "killed" the photo. Positive: seeing people cluster around displays. I like that!
Impact of Displays on Social Media
Flickr Usage by Different User Groups
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
veteran users recent users new users
User Group
Average Uploads Per Day
Before May 1May 1 - July 19After July 19
Influence of Rank & Role
Influence of Team Membership
Influence of competition
Wii Tournaments
Future Work: Algorithms
• Location / Proximity detection
• Near / far
• Proxemics
• Incorporating meta-data
• Folksonomy, Semiotics
• Priority queue management
• People, streams
• Recommender System
• Module management
• Space, time, displays
Future Work: Modules
• Other sources of content
• Other interaction modalities
• Other dimensions of experience
Future Work: Interfaces & Interactivity
• Interfaces
• Signup page
• Display interface
• Administrator interface
• Interactivity
• Authentication
• Phones
• Touchscreens
• Other?
Future Work: Replicability and Sustainability
• Deployments
• Nokia: NY, Dallas, Helsinki, LA …
• Academia: UMich, UMN, Stanford, …
• ?: Yahoo!, Flickr, …
• Mobiquitous Marketing (Mobile + Ubiquitous)
• Holistic approach to engagement marketing
• Co-promotional opportunities
• Contextual advertising in physical world
Future Work @ Strands Labs Seattle
New Online Sources
(http://beta.strands.com)
New Physical Spaces
(“third places”)
Related Work: Commercial
Awareness / Interactionsat Events
Digital Signage
Captivate TV ClearChannel, et al.
RippleTV
Related Work: OneKeyAway / MatchlinC
• OneKeyAway• Singles mixers in LA / SF Bay area; since May 2004
• Questionnaire:• 64 true-false questions about sex, religion, drug use, how you spend your
spare time, etc
• “I just want to get people together and talk about relationships … to discuss the questions, talk about their habits and personality traits. I think the device facilitates that.” – Edwin Duterte
• MatchlinC: personality compatibility device • a mini “relationship advisor”
• Infrared “zapping”
• Three color codes (stoplight): red, amber, green)
• Reminiscent of Lock & Key, Lovegety, Meme Tags
Related Work: partyStrands (1)
New Year’s EveTimes Square, NYC
Paul Van DykCrystal Ballroom, Portland
Buda del Mar BarMadrid
http://www.partystrands.comhttp://blog.mystrands.com/category/partystrands
Related Work: partyStrands (2)
Related Work: Research (1)
• Meme Tags (MIT)
• Interpersonal display: display for other people
• RF + LEDs + programming
• CityWall (Helsinki IIT)
• Multi-touch display in city center
• Flickr photos tagged with “helsinki”
• Interactions with display vs. through display
• Twitterspaces (Indiana U)
• Large display in campus lounge
• Dynamic visualization of group “tweets” (Twitter)
Related Work: Research (2)
• PlasmaPoster (FXPAL)• Interactive community bulletin board• Corporate, conference, café contexts
• Opinionizer (Sussex)• Shared display at social events• Interaction through typed input
• Dynamo (Sussex)• High school setting• Interaction via USB disk
• AgentSalon (ATR)• Interaction via PalmGuides (PDAs)• Conversations mediated by animated agents
Public and Situated DisplaysO’Hara, Perry, Churchill, Russell
Thanks!
• For more information:
• http://interrelativity.com/joe
• http://gumption.typepad.com
• http://www.slideshare.net/gumption
• C4 made possible by
• Ben Congleton (U. Mich), Max Harper (U. Minn)
• Nokia Context, Content & Community (C3) team
• All my former colleagues at Nokia
• Future work being made possible by Strands [Labs [Seattle]]
Yogi Patel Sameer AhujaShelly Farnham Richie Hazlewood Josh Lind
Backup
Two Hours of Joint Solitudehttp://www.coffeegeek.com/opinions/cafestage/10-19-2005
Alone Togetherhttp://blogs.parc.com/playon/
Related Work: Alone Together
Related Work: Addictive Games
• Amy Jo Kim, Social Architect, Shufflebrain
• “Putting the Fun in Functional:Applying Game Mechanicsto Functional Software”
• Incentives for games, communities
• Collecting
• Points
• Feedback
• Exchanges
• Customization
http://www.shufflebrain.com/etech2007.html
Early proactive displays
Dangling String (PARC)
Bus Mobile (UC Berkeley)
Proactive Displays in the large
Sunset @ 200MHz (PARC)
Love Board (Hachiko Crossing)
Proactive Displays on the road
Alaris E-boards(www.alaris.net)
Proactive displays, circa 2054
Details
• Location / proximity detection• Bluetooth sampling (MAC addresses, BT names)
• Location server (separate component)
• Priority queue management• New / old, near / far, 70/30
• Display management• Firefox + Javascript
• Flickr module• Ruby API
• Remote administration• Process, power
• Modular, flexible framework
• Front-end (time / space sharing)
• Back-end
Flickr API