PRESENTATION ON TCP/IP MODEL

PRESENTERS: Saroj Aryal www.fb/

sarojsaroza

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

DURING THE DESIGN OF THIS PRESENTATION OUR GROUP ARE VERY ENCOURAGING SOULS WHO ARE SUPPORTING EACH OTHER IN THE GROUP. WE CANNOT STAY WITHOUT GIVING SINCERE THANKS TO THEM.

WE ARE GREATFUL TO OUR SUBJECT TEACHER MR.NABENDRA SHRESTHA,FOR PLAYING THE ROLE OF GUIDENCE AND GIVING US SUCH A PRESENTATION WHICH IS IMPOSSIBLE WITHOUT HIM.

-PRESENTERS

CONTENTS

STANDARDS OF TCP/IP INTRODUCTION TCP/IP AND ITS HISTORY COMPARISION OF OSI TO TCP/IP LAYERS OF TCP/IP COMMUNICATION WITH REFERENCE TO TCP/IP PROTOCOL USED IN TCP/IP CONCLUSION

STANDARDS OF TCP/IP

USE THE CONCEPT OF OSI MODEL. OSI ARE REDUCED IN FOUR LAYERS. FREELY EXCHANGE OF DATA. DOESNOT EXACTLY MATCH THE OSI MODEL. GOOD FAILURE RECOVERY. LOW DATA OVERHEAD. HIGH ERROR-RATE HANDLING. THE ABILITY TO ADD NETWORKS WITHOUT

INTERRUPTING EXISTING SERVICES. IT’S THE COMMON WORLDWIDE STANDARD NOW FOR

NETWORKING. BUILT IN INTELLIGENT MECHANISM FOR ERROR AND

FLOW CONTROL.

INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF TCP/IP

TOGETHER MANAGE THE FLOW OF DATA. IP INDISCRIMINATELY PUMPS PACKETS. TCP IS CHARGED WITH MAKING SURE THEY GET THERE. OPENING AND CLOSING SESSION. PACKET MANAGEMENT. FLOW CONTROL. ERROR DETECTION AND HANDLING. TCP/IP WAS CREATED USING THE D0D(DEPARTMENT OF

DEFENSE),WHICH IS MADE UP OF FOUR LAYERS INSTEAD OF THE SEVEN THAT MAKE UP THE OSI.

TCP/IP MODEL: APPLICATION

TRANSPORT

INTERNET

NETWORK

COMPARISION OF OSI TO TCP/IP

IN TCP BUT NOT CONTAINS CONTAINS IN OSI CONSISTS OF FOUR LAYERS. ONLY ONE MODE IN THE NETWORK LAYER BUT BOTH

MODES IN THE TRANSPORT LAYER ARE SUPPORTED. THE PROTOCOLS HAVE BEEN INVENTED BEFORE

MODELS,SO THE FUNCTIONALITIES ARE PERFECTLY DESCRIBED.

PROTOCOLS IN THE OSI MODEL ARE BETTER HIDDEN AND CAN BE REPLACED RELATIVELY EASILY AS THE TECHNOLOGY CHANGES,WHICH IS ONE OF THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF LAYRED PROTOCOLS.

LAYERS OF TCP/IP: NETWORK LAYER COMBINATION OF DATALINK AND PHYSICAL LAYER OF

OSI MODEL. CONCERNED WITH ACCESS AND FORWARD DATA ACROSS

THE NETWORK FOR TWO END SYSTEMS ATACHED TO SAME NETWORKS.

USES THE PROTOCOL LIKE TOKEN RING.

INTERNET LAYER

TAKES THE DATA SEGEMENT AND FORM THE PACKET THAN IT SENDS THOSE PACKETS TO THE NETWORK.

ALLOWS THE HOST COMPUTERS TO INSERT PACKETS INTO ANY NETWORK AND HAVE THEM TO DELIVER INDEPENDENTLY TO THE DESTINATION.

USES PROTOCOL LIKE IP,ICMP,RIP.

TRANSPORT LAYER

CONCERNED WITH END TO END DELIVERY OF DATA FROM SOURCE TO DESTINATION.

CONNECTION ORIENTED. ESTABLISHES A CONECTION BEFORE SENDING DATA FROM

SOURCE TO DESTINATION. ESTABLISHES THE FIXED PATH AND TRANSMIT THE

MESSAGE ON THAT PATH FOR WHOLE SESSION HAS ACNOWLEDGEMENT FACILITY. USES TCP PROTOCOL.

APPLICATION LAYER

COMBINTION OF PRESENTATION AND SESSION LAYER OF OSI MODEL.

INCLUDES ALL THE PROCESS THAT INVOLVED USER INTERACTION.

DETERMINE THE PRESENTTION OF DATA IN DIFFERET FORMAT SUCH AS DATA COMPRESSION,DATA ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION.

CONTROL THE ESTBLISHED SESSION BETWEEN THE COMPUTERS.

USES PROTOCOLS LIKE SMTP,HTTP,FTP,TELNET,POP.

COMMUNICATION WITH REFERENCE TO TCP/IP

TCP/IP IS BUILT AS INFORMATION IS PASSED DOEN FROM APPLICATION TO THE PHYSICAL NETWORK LAYER .

WHEN DATA IS SENT EACH LAYER TREATS ALL OF THE INFORMATION IT RECEIVES FROM THE LAYER ABOVE AS DATA AND ADDS CONTROL INFORMATION TO THE FRONT OF DATA.

CONTROL INFORMATION IS CALLED HEADER. ADDITION OF A HEADER IS CALLED IN CAPSULATION. WHEN DATA IS RECEIVED, THE OPPOSITE PROCEDURE

TAKES PLACE AS EACH LAYER REMOVES ITS HEADER BEFORE PASSING THE DATA TO THE LAYER ABOVE.

DATA ENCAPSULATION IN TCP/IP: APPLICATION LAYER – DATA TRANSPORT LAYER – HEADER,DATA INTERNET LAYER- HEADER,HEADER,DATA NETWORK ACCESS LAYER- HEADER,HEADER,HAEDER,DATA.

Protocols used in tcp /ip

APPLICATION LAYER: FILE TRANSFER(TFTP,FTP,NFS),EMAIL(SMTP),REMOTE LOGIN(TELNET,RLOGIN),NETWORK MANAGEMENT(SNMP),NAME MANAGEMENT(DNS).

TRANSPORT LAYER: TCP(CONNECTION ORIENTED),UDP(CONNECTIONLESS).

INTERNET LAYER : IP,ICP,ARP,RARP. NETWORK ACCESS LAYER : ETHERNET,FAST

ETHERNET,SLIP AND PPP,FDDI,ATM,FRAME RELAY AND SMDS,ARP,PROXY,RARP.

CONCLUSION

FROM THIS PRESENTATION WE ALL CAME TO KNOW THE STANDARDS,COMPARISION,LAYERS,COMMUNICATION WITH REFERENCE,PROTOCOLS OF TCP/IP WHICH ARE ALL DESCRIBED PREVIOUSLY.

THANK YOU……!!