REMOTE SENSING & GIS (MMS 3005)

Sarjana Muda SaIns (Sains Samudera)

REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION:

CLOUD OBSERVATION

GROUP MEMBERS:CHONG WEI SHENG UK27672

FITY SUSANTY HAWANG UK27680NOR ADHAFATIHAH ZAINAL ABIDIN UK28187

INTRODUCTION

Clouds are aesthetically appealing & add excitement to the atmosphere, without them, there would be no rain, snow, thunder, rainbows or lighting.

CLOUD- visible aggregate tiny water droplets suspended in the air.

IMPORTANT OF CLOUD OBSERVATION

Climate change Cloud cover

Cloud optical thickness Cloud top properties

(temperature, pressure/height).

4 MAJOR CLOUD GROUPS & TYPES

HIGH CLOUDS

• Cirrus (Ci)• Cirrostratus (Cs)• Cirrocumulus

(Cc)

LOW CLOUDS

• Strartus (St)• Stratocumulus

(Sc)• Nimbostratus

(Ns)

MIDDLE CLOUDS

• Altostratus (As)• Altocumulus (Ac)

CLOUS WITH VERTICAL

DEVELOPMENT

• Cumulus (Cu)• Cumulonimbus

(Cb)

High cloud: Cirrocumulus (small, round, white puffs)

High cloud: cirrostratus (halo)

Clouds with vertical development: cumulus (floating cottons)

Low cloud: stratus (resemble fog but not reach the ground)

How Cloud Observation can

be Made?

Weather Satellite

• Orbit equator same rate as the earth.

• Remain about 36,00km above fixed spot on earth surface.

• Monitoring specific region.• Use “real time” data

system.

Geostationary Satellite

• Complement the geostationary Satellite.

• Scan from north to south.• Photographing clouds directly

beneath them.• Provide sharp picture in polar region.• Circle earth at much lower altitude

(~850km)• Provide detailed photographic

information.

Polar Orbiting Satellite

GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)

weather monitoring and forecasting for over 20 yearsplaced in geostationary orbitshas five channels sensing visible and infrared reflected and emitted solar radiationinfrared capability allows for day and night imaging

National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration(NOAA) sun-synchronousResolution-1 kmnear-polar orbits(830-870 km above the Earth)NOAA satellites allow to monitor, on a global scale, snow and sea ice extents, water surface temperatures, or vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature and humidity. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) -primary sensordetects radiation in the visible, near and mid infrared, and thermal infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Cloud Thickness and Height can be determined

from satellite image.

• senses reflected solar (sun) radiation that has a wavelength of 0.52 to 0.75 micrometers

• Show the sunlight reflected from cloud’s upper surface.

• Advantage?• Disadvantage?

Visible Photogra

ph

• Satellite sensed energy as heat.

• Often colorized to bring out details.

• Warm low clouds radiate more energy (dark)

• Cold high clouds (light)

• Advantage?• Disadvantage?

Infrared

Clouds Image

SATELLITE

CONCLUSION

• A cloud is a visible mass of condensed droplets or frozen crystals floating in the atmosphere above the surface of the Earth or another planetary body.

• Clouds represent an important factor in the recycling of the important greenhouse gas water vapour from the planet surface to the atmosphere and back again to the surface.

• Evaporation of water removes heat from the planet surface, and represent an important cooling process.

• Clouds also can be divided into four groups which are high, low, middle & vertical development clouds.

Awan & hujan adalah nikmat daripada Allah:

“ALLAH JUALAH YANG MENGHANTARKAN ANGIN, LALU ANGIN ITU MENGGERAKKAN AWAN; KEMUDIAN ALLAH

MENYEBARKAN AWAN ITU DI LANGIT SEBAGAIMANA YANG DIKEHENDAKINYA DAN MENJADIKANNYA BERKELOMPOK-KELOMPOK; LALU ENGKAU MELIHAT HUJAN KELUAR DARI CELAH-CELAHNYA. MAKA APABILA ALLAH MENURUNKAN

HUJAN ITU MENGENAI SESIAPA YANG DIKEHENDAKINYA DARI HAMBA-HAMBANYA, MEREKA SERTA MERTA BERGEMBIRA;”

(Surah Ar-Rum ayat 48. )