Presentasi platyhelminthes

PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes

Arthurdendyus Australoplana

New Zealand Australia

CIRI UMUM• Lebih maju di bandingkan Porifera dan Lebih maju di bandingkan Porifera dan

Coelenterata.Coelenterata.• Lapisan tubuh Triploblastik.Lapisan tubuh Triploblastik.• Ukuran tubuh mikroskopis hingga 20 m.Ukuran tubuh mikroskopis hingga 20 m.• Tubuh simetri bilateral, pipih dan paling Tubuh simetri bilateral, pipih dan paling

sederhana diantara hewan simetri bilateral.sederhana diantara hewan simetri bilateral.• Tidak memiliki rongga tubuh (acoelomata).Tidak memiliki rongga tubuh (acoelomata).• Pencernaan terdiri dari : mulut, faring, usus Pencernaan terdiri dari : mulut, faring, usus

(tanpa memiliki anus).(tanpa memiliki anus).• Tidak memiliki sistem sirkulasi, respirasi, dan Tidak memiliki sistem sirkulasi, respirasi, dan

ekskresi,hermaprodit.ekskresi,hermaprodit.• Habitat : air tawar, laut, tempat lembab, dalam Habitat : air tawar, laut, tempat lembab, dalam

tubuh hewan lain (parasit)tubuh hewan lain (parasit).

Some Unique CharacteristicsProglotids and scolex in CestodaRabdites in TurbellariaCombination of characteristics- flame cells

and being acoelomates for example.Larva of each class are unique

Potition in animal kingdomEumetazoa - animals with tissueBilateria - have bilateral symmetry and

are triploblastic.Protostomia - a group of animals whose

mouth develops from the blastopore, and the mesoderm forms from an area near the blastopore.

Acoelomata - They have a true mesoderm which fills the original blastocoel between the outer epidermis and digestive tract.

TRIPLOBASTIK

Systems 1IntegumentaryIntegumentary- Rhabdites and one cell

layer epidermis in Turbellaria and usually ciliated; syncytial tegument in other classes.

SkeletalSkeletal - hydrostaticMuscleMuscle - longitudinal, transverse, and

circular muscles are present.DigestiveDigestive - incomplete with intracellular

and extracellular digestion; no system in Cestoda.

Systems 2Excretory Excretory - flame cells, or excretory

tubes in Cestoda.RespiratoryRespiratory - no system, diffusionCirculatoryCirculatory - none, diffusion.NervousNervous - anterior ganglia, ventral

ladder-like system (two lateral cords with transverse cords).

Systems 3Endocrine Endocrine - hormones produced by

nervous systemReproductiveReproductive - monoecious in most

Well developed reproductive organs, mostly internal fertilization.

Two of the parasitic classes have complex life cyclesTrematoda - miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria,

metacercaria (usually snail is secondary host.Cestoda - oncosphere, cystercercius (bladderworm)

KLASIFIKASI Turbellaria (cacing berambut getar), Turbellaria (cacing berambut getar), silia pada permukaan tubuh silia pada permukaan tubuh digunakan untuk bergerak. digunakan untuk bergerak. Dugesia

• Trematoda (cacing isap), alat isap Trematoda (cacing isap), alat isap digunakan untuk menempel dan digunakan untuk menempel dan menghisap makanan pada inangnya.menghisap makanan pada inangnya.•Clonorchis, Fasciola, Schistosoma•Cestoda (cacing pita), bentuk Cestoda (cacing pita), bentuk seperti pita tubuh terdiri dari bagian seperti pita tubuh terdiri dari bagian skoleks, leher, dan proglotit.skoleks, leher, dan proglotit. Taenia, Dipylidium Echinococcus

• Class Monogenea :No representatives

Class TurbellariaPlanaria -Free-living flatworms with soft

flattened bodies covered with ciliated epidermis which has special secreting cells called rabdites.

Dugesia

Struktur tubuh turbilaria

Phylum Platyhelminthes24

Exhibit bilateral symmetry, acoelomate, and are triploblastic

Parenchyma tissue

STRUKTUR MIRFOLOGI

STRUKTUR ANATOMI

PENCERNAAN MAKANAN DAN EKSRESI


Mouth is usually located at the anterior end or mid-body on ventral surface

Excretory system Contains flame

bulbs

SISTIM SYARAF


Free-living species usually have a well-developed sensory system

Parasites generally have less elaborate systems.

SISTIM REPRODUKSI

29

Almost all are simultaneous hermaphrodites

Parasitic species (flukes and tapeworms) have complex lifecycles, with various hosts and several different larval stages

Incredible powers of regeneration

Regeneration

Many species posses remarkable powers of regeneration and repair wounds

Class TrematodaFlukes -oral and ventral suckers, no hooks,

parasites, body with a syncytial tegument without cilia. Larva stages unique.

ClonorchisFasciolaSchistosoma

ClonorchisHuman liver fluke - has two intermediate or

secondary host snail and fish.

Cerceria

Human liver fluke

Fasciola

Life cycle

metacercaria on grass

Sheep liver fluke

Fasciola life cycle

Blackspot disease: Uvulifer sp.

Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke)F. gigantica (human liver fluke)

Stages of Fluke Life Cycle

Eggs of Schistosoma

Cercaria

Redia

InLiver

SchistosomaBlood Flukes

Cerceria usually infect by burrowing through skin.

BLOOD

FLUKESchistosoma

egg

human

freshwatersnail

Class CestodaTapewormsHave distinct head structure

(Scolex) and reproductive units called proglottids. Do not have a digestive system.

Larva are oncospheres and cysticerci (bladder worms)TaeniaDipylidiumEchinococcus

Taenia

Proglotid

STRUKTUR TUBUH

A scolex attaches them to the inside of their host followed by a neck and a strobila (long segmented trunk).

Individual segments are proglottids.

TUBUH CACING PITA

CACING PITA

BAGIAN KEPALA CACING PITA

scolexRostelum/pengaitSuckers/pengisap

SIKLUS HIDUP

Usually involves more than one host. Variable life cycles.

Proglottid drops off and is excreted by definitive host. zygotes develop in environment.

Zygote is ingested by second host and it encysts in tissues which are consumed by the definitive host.

Dipylidium (dog tape)Juveniles in flea

and louseNote the two

gential pores and reproductive systems in each proglottid.

Proglottid

EchinococcusHydatid cyst (cysticercus)- may scolices

and enlarges to as large as a basketball. Often called sand.

Only three proglottids

Technology

Presentasi platyhelminthes