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1 ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos y servicios nacionales? Juan Manuel Gers, PhD

¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

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Juan Manuel Gers, Experto internacional, Gers USA Jornada Académica Andesco “Retos y Oportunidades del Tratado de Libre Comercio –TLC- entre Colombia y Estados Unidos para el sector de Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios y TIC”

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Page 1: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

1

¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas

oportunidades para los productos y servicios nacionales?

Juan Manuel Gers, PhD

Page 2: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

2

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN THE U.S. ELECTRICITY

MARKET

Juan Manuel Gers, PhD

May 29, 2012

Page 3: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Contents

Information about the U.S. Electric Power Industry

Selection of Attractive States

Projects and specific available possibilities

Barriers and Requirements to Establish and Operate in US

Establishing a company in the U.S.

Marketing strategies

Conclusions

Page 4: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Contents

Information about the U.S. Electric Power Industry

Selection of Attractive States

Projects and specific available possibilities

Barriers and Requirements to Establish and Operate in US

Establishing a company in the U.S.

Marketing strategies

Conclusions

Page 5: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Free Trade Agreement

The FTA between USA and COLOMBIA

formally entered into force last 15th of May

2012. “We welcome today’s signing of the FTA,

which brings Colombia and the United States

one step closer to the entry into force of this

historic agreement.

The FTA is a fundamental building block in the

development of a new chapter in U.S.-

Colombia relations, and will help to expand

both of our economies, exports and job

creation opportunities," said Colombian

Ambassador to the U.S. Gabriel Silva.

Page 6: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

General aspects about the US Power Industry

The US power industry The Energy Information Association (EIA),

part of the Department of Energy, has described the electric power

industry as one of the largest and most creditworthy in the US, with an

estimated end-user market of nearly $254bn of electricity sales in

2011.

The delivery of electricity to retail, commercial and industrial consumers

was historically handled by large integrated utilities, which provided

generation, transmission and distribution services in monopoly

franchise areas. Now the situation is changing and more players are

participating in the market.

Page 7: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Most Important Institutions in the

U.S. Electricity Industry

The U.S. Congress

FERC – Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

NERC – North American Reliability Council

NAESB – North American Energy Standards Board

State Public Utility Commissions and Legislatures

The US Electricity Industry has several government and

private institutions that oversee its operation and define its

policies and rules. Among them, the most important

policymakers are:

Page 8: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

NERC Members and Sub-Regions

ECAR-East Central Area Reliability

Coordination Agreement

ERCOT-Electric Reliability Council of

Texas

FRCC-Florida Reliability Coordination

Council

MACC-Mid-Atlantic Area Council

MAIN-Mid-America Interconnected

Network

MAPP-Mid-Continent Area Power

Pool

NPCC-Northeast Power Coordinating

Council

SERC-Southeastern Electric Reliability

Council

SPP-Southwest Power Pool

WECC-Western Electricity

Coordination Council

Most Important Policymakers

Page 9: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Overview of the Electric Industry in

the United States

The U.S. electric system

Over 200 million customers participating in an deregulated market

Over 3200 utilities

Over 16,802 generators in commercial operation

Over 161,000 miles of transmission lines (230 kV and above)

Page 10: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Transmission System Infrastructure

U.S. High Voltage Transmission System

Source: NERC

VVoollttaaggee MMiilleess ooff TTrraannssmmiissssiioonn LLiinnee

AACC

230 kV 76,762

345 kV 49,250

500 kV 26,038

765 kV 2,453

Total AC 154,503

DDCC

250-300 kV 930

400 kV 852

450 kV 192

500 kV 1,333

Total DC 3,307

TToottaall AACC ++ DDCC 115577,,881100

Page 11: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Restructuring

The transition period for phasing in restructuring has begun in these states, and they are

currently implementing a competitive electric utility market for investor-owned utilities.

These states have passed legislation suspending the

restructuring process.

These states are continuing to study and/or monitor restructuring investor-owned utilities,

but are not currently pursuing further action.

These states have passed legislation delaying the restructuring

process.

These states have completed studies investigating restructuring investor-owned utilities

(power providers), and have decided not to pursue further action at this time.

These states have passed legislation repealing the restructuring

process.

Page 12: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

U.S. Electric Industry Generating Capacity by State

in 2009

There are roughly 5,000 power plants in the United

States, and they have a total generating capacity of

nearly 1025 gigawatts

Page 13: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Generating Capacity

U.S. Net Summer Capacity by

Energy Sources, Year-End 2009

Source: Energy Information Administration

U.S. Existing Capacity by Energy Sources, 2009

Number of  Nameplate Net Summer Net Winter 

Generators Capacity  Capacity Capacity

Coal[1] 1,436 338,723 314,294 316,363

Petroleum[2] 3,757 63,254 56,781 60,878

Natural Gas[3] 5,470 459,803 401,272 432,309

Other Gases[4] 98 2,218 1,932 1,899

Nuclear 104 106,618 101,004 102,489

Hydroelectric

Conventional[5]4,005 77,910 78,518 78,127

Wind 620 34,683 34,296 34,350

Solar Thermal and

Photovoltaic110 640 619 537

Wood and Wood

Derived Fuels[6]353 7,829 6,939 6,992

Geothermal 222 3,421 2,382 2,561

Other Biomass[7] 1,502 5,007 4,317 4,382

Pumped Storage 151 20,538 22,160 22,063

Other[8] 48 1,042 888 900

Total 17,876 1,121,686 1,025,400 1,063,848

Existing Capacity by Energy Source, 2009

(Megawatts)

Energy Source

Page 14: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

U.S. Electric Industry Net Generation by State in

2009

Page 15: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Energy Sources

1933

780691

25695 87

Coal Nuclear Natural Gas Hydroelectric Petroleum OtherRenewables

2000

2500

1000

500

0

1500

Note : Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and othermanufactured and waste gases derived from fossilfuels resulting in net generation of 11.466 thousand

thousand megawatt-hours , not shown here , were megawatt-hours are not included. An additional 5.714

generated from "Other" energy sources.

Mill

ion M

egaw

atthours

Page 16: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Investment

Transmission System Investment

Page 17: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Planning

Planned Transmission by Interconnection and NERC Member

Source: NERC

Transmission Circuit Miles – 230 kV and Above

2005 Existing 2006-2010 Additions 2011-2015 Additions 2015 Total Installed

United States

ERCOT 8,311 648 - 8,959

FRCC 6,998 350 127 7,475

MRO 15,912 1,382 272 17,566

NPCC 6,426 364 16 6,806

New England 2,493 273 16 2,782

New York 3,933 91 - 4,024

RFC 26,258 592 - 26,85

SERC 31,179 1,292 947 33,418

Entergy 2,666 94 - 2,76

Gateway 5,037 151 268 5,456

Southern 1,897 111 - 2,008

TVA 9,405 350 513 10,268

VACAR 12,174 586 166 12,926

SPP 7,592 14 21 7,627

WECC 58,539 3,063 1,821 63,423

AZ-NM-SNV 10,271 835 1,471 12,577

CA-MX-US 17,676 790 - 18,466

NWPP-US 24,671 704 350 25,725

RMPA 5,921 734 - 6,655

Total-U.S. 161,215 7,705 3,204 172,124

Canada

MRO 6,73 303 65 7,098

NPCC 28,998 603 - 29,601

Maritimes 2,196 60 - 2,256

Ontario 11,137 95 - 11,232

Québec 15,665 448 - 16,113

WECC 11,019 416 233 11,668

Total-Canada 46,747 1,322 298 48,367

Mexico

WECC 638 152 192 982

Total-NERC 208,56 9,179 3,694 221,433

Page 18: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

61,800 MW of power lost

Shutdown 265 power plants with 508 individual units

Blackout of August 14, 2003

The blackout started in Northern Ohio and spreaded throughout Midwest, Northeast

U.S. And Canada

Page 19: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Recommendations

Task Force issued 46 recommendations grouped into four categories:

Institutional Issues Related to Reliability (14 recommendations)

Support and Strengthen NERC’s actions of February 10, 2004

(17 recommendations)

Physical and Cyber Security of North American Bulk Power Systems (13 recommendations)

Canadian Nuclear Power Sector (2 recommendations)

Page 20: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Contents

Information about the U.S. Electric Power Industry

Selection of Attractive States

Projects and specific available possibilities

Barriers and Requirements to Establish and Operate in US

Establishing a company in the U.S.

Marketing strategies

Conclusions

Page 21: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

US Map

Page 22: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

84. ¿Cuáles son los estados de EE.UU. a donde Colombia podrá

expandirse en el tema de servicios?

Teniendo en cuenta la estrecha relación entre el flujo migratorio de

colombianos en Estados Unidos y el crecimiento del comercio bilateral de

bienes y servicios, se identificó que los Estados más representativos para

el comercio de servicios profesionales son New York, New Jersey,

California, Texas, Florida y el Distrito de Columbia.

Precisamente, fue esa identificación de Estados lo que impulsó a

establecer compromisos más específicos en materia de facilitación para la

prestación de servicios profesionales.

Selection Criteria

Page 23: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Selection Criteria

Population

GSP

State income tax

Income tax

Housing construction permits

Unemployment rate

The following parameters were considered to be the most

representative:

Page 24: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Selection of attractive states for the electrical sector

of Colombia based on general criteria

Abv Name Inhabitants Ranking Billions Ranking Tax Ranking Tax Rank Permits Ranking Rate Ranking

U.S. (Avg or Total) 290.809.777 25% 10.137,2 30% 27,80% 20% 4,8% 5% 1.889.214 10% 4,20% 10%

1 TX Texas 8,55 22.118.509 2 763,9 3 26,80% 25 4,0% 3 177.194 3 4,60% 17

2 CA California 9,70 35.484.453 1 1.359,3 1 28,40% 41 0,0% 1 191.948 2 5,20% 7

3 FL Florida 11,80 17.019.068 4 491,5 4 27,00% 26 5,6% 26 213.567 1 3,90% 30

4 PA Pennsylvania 12,35 12.365.455 6 408,4 6 26,50% 22 5,1% 23 47.356 12 4,40% 23

5 NY New York 13,75 19.190.115 3 826,5 2 32,30% 51 2,9% 2 49.708 11 5,20% 10

6 NC North Carolina 14,70 8.407.248 11 275,6 12 26,40% 19 0,0% 1 79.226 5 3,20% 40

7 TN Tennessee 15,30 5.841.748 16 182,5 18 25,10% 4 4,0% 4 37.530 20 4,00% 29

8 OH Ohio 15,55 11.435.798 7 373,7 7 27,50% 34 6,0% 28 53.041 10 4,30% 25

9 IL Illinois 15,80 12.653.544 5 475,5 5 27,90% 38 7,3% 47 62.211 7 4,30% 24

10 GA Georgia 15,90 8.684.715 9 299,9 10 27,30% 30 6,0% 29 96.704 4 4,00% 28

11 MI Michigan 16,25 10.079.985 8 320,5 9 27,40% 31 5,8% 27 53.913 9 3,80% 31

12 AL Alabama 18,40 4.500.752 23 121,5 25 25,00% 2 5,0% 15 22.256 26 4,80% 14

13 NJ New Jersey 18,45 8.638.396 10 365,4 8 29,90% 48 4,0% 5 32.984 21 4,60% 16

14 LA Louisiana 19,60 4.496.334 24 148,7 24 25,40% 7 5,3% 24 22.220 27 5,10% 11

15 MO Missouri 19,75 5.704.484 17 181,5 19 25,90% 12 6,0% 30 29.309 23 3,40% 36

16 SC South Carolina 19,95 4.147.152 25 115,2 28 25,10% 3 5,0% 16 38.191 19 4,50% 20

17 IN Indiana 20,35 6.195.643 14 189,9 16 26,70% 23 6,0% 31 39.421 18 3,00% 41

18 AR Arizona 20,80 5.580.811 18 160,7 23 27,20% 29 5,0% 18 74.996 6 4,40% 21

19 VA Virginia 20,95 7.386.330 12 273,1 13 27,40% 32 6,3% 39 55.936 8 2,80% 49

20 WA Washington 21,25 6.131.445 15 223,0 14 28,80% 44 6,0% 32 42.825 14 4,70% 15

Housing

Construction PermitsSales Tax

Unemployment

Rate

Sources and dates:

Population: US Census Bureau, 2003

Gross State Product: US Department of Commerce, 2001

Total State Tax Burden: The Tax Foundation, 2004

New Housing Construction Permits: US Census Bureau, 2003

Unemployment Rate: US Census Bureau, 2000

ITEM

Weighted

Rank

STATE

Total Income Tax

BurdenPopulation

Gross State Product

(GSP)

Page 25: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Attractive states according to first selection

Page 26: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Selection Criteria

Number of utilities

Number of Customers

KWh Cost

Generation Capacity

Load Demand

Consumption Per Capita

Total Income Tax

Gross State Product

The following parameters were considered to be the most

representative for the second selection:

Page 27: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Final selection of attractive states considering

aspects associated to the electricity market

Abv Name Qty Rank Qty Rank U.S. cents Rank MW Rank (MWh) Rank

MWh /

Person Rank Tax Rank Billions Rank

U.S. (Avg or Total) 3211 10% 131,840,027 10% 7.09 15% 953,178 10% 3,462,520,834 20% 11.91 10% 27.80% 10% 10,137.2 15%

1 TX Texas 4.15 184 1 10,266,976 2 6.62 10 100,136 1 320,845,849 1 14.51 7 26.80% 9 763.9 3

2 FL Florida 6.25 53 14 8,533,279 3 7.31 5 49,336 3 210,473,530 3 12.37 13 27.00% 10 491.5 4

3 CA California 6.30 45 16 13,546,442 1 12.52 1 59,589 2 235,248,942 2 6.63 20 28.40% 17 1,359.3 1

4 PA Pennsylvania 7.20 59 13 5,229,651 6 7.97 4 42,725 5 140,786,670 6 11.39 14 26.50% 7 408.4 6

5 NY New York 7.60 62 11 7,486,228 4 10.89 2 37,375 6 143,563,666 5 7.48 19 32.30% 20 826.5 2

6 OH Ohio 7.80 119 3 4,606,566 8 6.55 11 34,088 8 155,999,230 4 13.64 9 27.50% 15 373.7 7

7 IL Illinois 8.10 77 8 5,393,586 5 7.01 7 45,675 4 137,665,583 7 10.88 16 27.90% 16 475.5 5

8 NC North Carolina 8.60 108 5 4,315,789 9 6.74 9 27,188 12 122,686,468 9 14.59 6 26.40% 6 275.6 11

9 GA Georgia 9.20 98 6 4,071,484 10 6.24 12 36,512 7 123,789,078 8 14.25 8 27.30% 12 299.9 10

10 MI Michigan 10.45 61 12 4,682,066 7 6.99 8 30,374 9 107,310,696 10 10.65 17 27.40% 14 320.5 9

11 IN Indiana 11.70 119 4 2,934,676 13 5.34 20 25,747 14 101,428,550 11 16.37 5 26.70% 8 189.9 14

12 TN Tennessee 12.05 91 7 2,896,050 14 5.72 18 20,827 17 98,233,027 13 16.82 4 25.10% 3 182.5 15

13 AL Alabama 12.50 63 9 2,317,229 18 5.71 19 29,946 10 83,067,078 14 18.46 2 25.00% 1 121.5 19

14 VA Virginia 13.15 35 19 3,238,175 12 6.22 13 21,239 16 100,540,736 12 13.61 10 27.40% 13 273.1 12

15 MO Missouri 13.30 136 2 2,883,323 15 6.09 14 19,916 19 75,000,629 18 13.15 11 25.90% 5 181.5 16

16 LA Louisiana 13.75 40 18 2,110,768 20 5.99 15 26,048 13 79,260,989 15 17.63 3 25.40% 4 148.7 18

17 SC South Carolina 14.10 47 15 2,144,820 19 5.83 16 20,641 18 77,819,392 16 18.76 1 25.10% 2 115.2 20

18 NJ New Jersey 14.25 14 20 3,698,416 11 9.32 3 18,710 20 74,460,421 19 8.62 18 29.90% 19 365.4 8

19 WA Washington 14.60 63 10 2,837,916 16 5.73 17 27,666 11 76,491,883 17 12.48 12 28.80% 18 223.0 13

20 AR Arizona 14.95 45 17 2,351,763 17 7.21 6 23,559 15 62,600,737 20 11.22 15 27.20% 11 160.7 17

ITEM

STATE

Total Income

Tax

Gross State

Product (GSP)Utilities Customers Cost of KWh

Weighted

Rank

Load

Net Generation

Summer

Consumption

Per Capita

Page 28: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Selected states according to the second selection

criteria

Page 29: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Working Schemes

Page 30: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Modes of supplying services defined by GATS

Criteria Supplier Presence

Mode 1: Cross-border supply

Service delivered within the territory of the Member, from the territory of another Member

Service supplier not present within the territory of the member Mode 2:

Consumption abroad

Service delivered outside the territory of the Member, in the territory of another Member, to a service consumer of the Member

Mode 3: Commercial presence

Service delivered within the territory of the Member, through the commercial presence of the supplier

Service supplier present within the territory of the Member

Mode 4: Presence of a natural person

Service delivered within the territory of the Member, with supplier present as a natural person

Note: From the document MTN.GNS/W/124, available on the World Trade Organization Website, posted courtesy of ISTIA

Page 31: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

87. ¿Cómo explicarles a los profesionales colombianos, las formas como

podrán prestar sus servicios?

Los prestadores de servicios colombianos podrán hacerlo de cuatro modos. El

primero se refiere al “suministro transfronterizo”, o el caso donde lo que se traslada

es el servicio. En este caso, ni el consumidor ni el prestador se desplazan al otro

territorio; un ejemplo es el envío de una consultoría, la atención de llamadas de call

centers, y la telemedicina.

También se puede exportar a través del modo 2, denominado “consumo en el

extranjero”, que se presenta cuando el consumidor se desplaza al otro país a

recibir el servicio; el mejor ejemplo en este caso es el turismo. Así mismo, el modo

3 que se refiere a la “presencia comercial”, o cuando se desplaza es el capital

como puede ser una filial de una empresa. Este se relaciona con la inversión

extranjera directa y se encuentra cubierto en el Capítulo de Inversión.

Finalmente, también se podrá comercializar servicios por el modo 4, “presencia de

personas físicas”, a través del cual el prestador del servicio es quien se desplaza

temporalmente al otro país, tal como sucede cuando se da una capacitación o se

presta un servicio de reparación en el otro territorio.

Modes of supplying services defined by GATS

Page 32: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Contents

Information about the U.S. Electric Power Industry

Selection of Attractive States

Projects and specific available possibilities

Barriers and Requirements to Establish and Operate in US

Establishing a company in the U.S.

Marketing strategies

Conclusions

Page 33: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Some Projects

Utility‐Scale Solar Projects in the US

Page 34: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

SunShot Initiative

Page 35: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

SunShot Initiative

Page 36: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Utility‐Scale Solar Projects in the US Updated October 24, 2011

Page 37: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Utility‐Scale Solar Projects in the US

Updated October 24, 2011

Page 38: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Utility‐Scale Solar Projects in the US

Updated October 24, 2011

Page 39: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Some Projects

The Obama administration projects

Page 40: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Construction Of Seven Transmission Lines in US

Idaho Power's 500-kilovolt, 300-mile single-circuit Boardman-Hemingway Line

powering Oregon and Idaho

345-kv Gateway West Project bringing new transmission across Wyoming and Idaho

345-kv Hampton-Rochester-La Crosse Line powering Minnesota and Wisconsin

Portland General Electric's 500-kv Cascade Crossing Line to provide Oregon with

additional transmission

SunZia Transmission LLC's 500-kv transmission lines to bring power to New Mexico

and Arizona

PPL Electric Utilities and Public Service Electric and Gas Company's 145-mile long,

500-kv Susquehanna-Roseland power line project to bring transmission to

Pennsylvania and New Jersey

TransWest Express LLC's 700-mile, 600-kv transmission line from Wyoming to Utah

and Nevada, expected to create 1,035-1,550 direct jobs, and facilitate the

development of new wind projects in Wyoming.

Page 41: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Construction Of Seven Transmission Lines in US

Sun Zia Project

Page 42: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Construction Of Seven Transmission Lines in US

Sun Zia Project

Page 43: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Construction Of Seven Transmission Lines in US

Page 44: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Some Projects

Listing of Dept. of Administration, Division

of State Facilities (DSF) construction

projects. State of Wisconsin

Page 45: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Bid for Department of Administration. State of

Wisconsin

List of Projects Out for Bid

Wednesday, May 23 2012

Page 46: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Bid for Department of Administration. State of

Wisconsin

Page 47: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Contents

Information about the U.S. Electric Power Industry

Selection of Attractive States

Projects and specific available possibilities

Barriers and Requirements to Establish and Operate in US

Establishing a company in the U.S.

Marketing strategies

Conclusions

Page 48: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Immigration Law

The U.S. immigration laws prohibit employers from employing persons who are not authorized to work in the U.S.

There are economic penalties for employing unauthorized aliens and criminal penalties can be imposed for a pattern or practice of violations.

Legal immigration status is divided into two major categories:

Non-immigrant visas, which connotes temporary status.

Immigrant visas, which means permanent status.

.

Page 49: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Immigration Law

Each of these two categories has a number of options for the employment of foreign nationals in the United States.

Visa Options for the FTA

Non Immigrant Visa

The H1-B Visa

The L Visa

The E Visa

The B1 Visa

Immigrant Visa

Skilled or Professional Employee

Multinational Manager or Executive

Immigrant Investor

Page 50: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

US Regulation of Foreign Investment

“Buy America Act” states that:

Only articles, materials and supplies produced in the U.S. may be acquired by the

federal government for public use.

Foreign ownership is restricted in sectors considered particularly sensitive:

Aviation, Banking, Communications & Broadcasting, Insurance, Real Estate

Maritime, Mineral leases & resources

Power generation & utility services

.

Page 51: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

US Regulation of Foreign Investment

Regarding the Power Generation & Utility Services the law states that:

Foreign ownership or control of nuclear power facilities is prohibited.

Only U.S. persons may obtain to own or operate hydroelectric power facilities.

The U.S. person may be a U.S.-registered corporation, and there is no limit on foreign ownership or control.

Law has changed towards greater competition in the generation of electricity and related services.

Interstate transmission of natural gas and electricity is still subject to federal regulation.

Page 52: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Some Employment Laws on the Federal Level

Fair Labor

Standards Act

• Minimum wage

requirements

• Overtime requirements

Americans with

Disabilities

Prohibits

discrimination against

individuals with a

serious disability.

Title VII

Prohibits

discrimination (race,

color, religion, sex,

national origin,

pregnancy)

Equal Pay Act (EPA)

Prohibits

discrimination due to

sex in payment of

wages.

Age

Discrimination

Prohibits

discrimination

against people age

40 and over

Page 53: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Occupational Safety

Requires employers to provide their employees with:

“A workplace that is free from recognized hazards that are causing or likely to

cause death or serious physical harm”.

Occupational Safety and

Health Administration

Mission: Prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths

Every establishment covered by the Act is subject to inspection, programmed

and unprogrammed.

There are penalties according to the type of violation

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Insurance

U.S. architects and engineers can obtain malpractice insurance – that pays for their legal

defense and any damages resulting from their professional errors and omissions.

Such insurance is not available to U.S. contractors. However, commercial general liability

(CGL) insurance is available to contractors.

CGL pays for their legal defense and any damages resulting from property damage and

personal injuries to third parties.

Lawyers sometimes can help contractor clients obtain CGL insurance coverage for

damages caused by construction defects.

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Professional Licensing

There is no federal construction licensing in the United States.

Architects and engineers are licensed (or registered) in all 50 states.

In many states, their business entities also must be licensed or registered.

Licensing is regulated at the state and the laws can vary greatly from one state to

the next.

There is less consistency in contractor licensing. Contractors are licensed in

about three-quarters of states.

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Professional Licensing

85. ¿Se facilitará la homologación de títulos académicos a los

colombianos en Estados Unidos?

El reconocimiento mutuo de títulos universitarios es un tema que

complementa el ámbito comercial y se consolida por medio de otros

acuerdos. Sin embargo, en el Tratado se logró establecer que los dos

países busquen, con sus respectivas autoridades, elaborar normas para el

otorgamiento de licencias y certificados a proveedores de servicios

profesionales.

A través de una Carta Adjunta al Capítulo de Servicios, Estados Unidos se

comprometió a revisar las medidas de nivel estatal que requieran

residencia permanente o ciudadanía para los servicios profesionales de

ingeniería, contabilidad, arquitectura, servicios jurídicos, enfermería,

odontología, medicina general y servicios prestados por personal

paramédico.

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Professional Licensing

86. ¿Es decir que habrá nuevos negocios para Colombia con EE.UU. por

cuenta de los servicios profesionales?

La creación de un grupo de trabajo para servicios profesionales dentro del

TLC ofrece un marco permanente para que los cuerpos profesionales de

los dos países, realicen trabajos en materia de reconocimiento mutuo y

desarrollo de estándares para licenciamiento.

Aunque el TLC ha identificado los sectores de ingeniería y arquitectura

como prioridades, otros como servicios de salud y de consultoría podrán

utilizar este marco en el futuro para impulsar acuerdos en dichas materias.

Page 58: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

General requirements for a PE licensure

Virtually every

state law

outlines a four-

step process to

be licensed as

a PE

Four-year engineering

degree in a program

approved by the state

engineering licensure

board

Four years of qualifying

engineering experience

Successfully completion of the

eight-hour Fundamentals of

Engineering (FE) Examination

Successfully

completion of the

eight- hour Principles

and Practice of

Engineering (PE)

Examination

Page 59: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Requirements for a foreign engineering degree

Mathematics

& Basic

Sciences:

32 credit

hours

Engineering

Science &

Design:

48 credit

hours

Humanities &

Social

Sciences:

16 credit

hours

TOEFL score

over 550 or a

passing

score on the

GRE

examination

Computer

Skills Should

satisfy

computer

based skill

with

Engineering

applications

Page 60: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Contents

Information about the U.S. Electric Power Industry

Selection of Attractive States

Projects and specific available possibilities

Barriers and Requirements to Establish and Operate in US

Establishing a company in the U.S.

Marketing strategies

Conclusions

Page 61: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

THE CORPORATE FORM MENU

CORPORATE

STRUCTURE

OWNERSHIP RULES TAX TREATMENT LIABILITY PROS AND CONS

Sole

Proprietorship

One owner Pass-through federal tax

entity

Unlimited

personal

liability for

business

debts.

Is easy to set up but

leaves your personal

finances at risk. Plus,

you miss out on all

kinds of business

deductions.

S Corporation Up to 75

shareholders, only

one basic class of

stock; slight flexibility

on voting rights.

Pass-through federal tax

entity

Limited Is easy to set up but

may limit your financing

options later on.

C Corporation Unlimited number of

shareholders; no

limits on stock classes

or voting

arrangements.

Dividend income gets

taxed at the corporate

and shareholder levels;

losses and deductions

stay at the corporate

level.

Limited Can be costly from a

tax perspective but

investor friendly.

Types of Business Organizations

Page 62: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

THE CORPORATE FORM MENU

CORPORATE

STRUCTURE

OWNERSHIP RULES TAX TREATMENT LIABILITY PROS AND CONS

Limited Liability

Company

Unlimited number of

“members”; flexible

membership

arrangements, with

voting rights and

income divided as

desired.

Pass-through federal tax

entity

Limited Has lots of advantages

but makes investors

leery, which could make

financing deal dicey.

Cost of switching forms

from S or C-corporation

status is generally

prohibitive.

Partnership Two or more owners Pass-through federal tax

entity; flexibility about

profit and loss

allocations among

partners.

Personal

assets of

any

operating

partner at

risk from

business

creditors

Allows lots of room to

play with tax benefits,

but in a general

partnership, that

personal liability can be

scary.

Types of Business Organizations

Page 63: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Most states and many cities and/or

counties impose licenses and permits on a

wide variety of businesses.

Typically:

State license

County and city occupational license

City certificate of use

Recommended for engineering

companies:

Professional Engineer

Company Licensing

Page 64: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Contents

Information about the U.S. Electric Power Industry

Selection of Attractive States

Projects and specific available possibilities

Operational schemes

Barriers and Requirements to Establish and Operate in US

Establishing a company in the U.S.

Marketing strategies

Conclusions

Page 65: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Type of Customers

Customers could be classified in 4 types within the US electrical sector:

Federal Government.

Utilities.

Contracting Companies and Original Equipment Manufacturers

(OEM’s).

End Users.

Page 66: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Advantages of Being a Subcontractor

Company

Government

Prime Contractor

Prime Contractor

-Delay

-Contractual obligation

-Exceed payment periods

-Cash flow problems

-Complicate procedures

-Services to government

-Simply agreements

-Payment protection

-Easy procedures

Country's single largest buyer

Page 67: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Federal Procurement

The federal government purchases billions of dollars in goods and services each year from paperclips to complex space vehicles.

To ensure that small businesses get their fair share, statutory goals have been established for Federal executive agencies. They are:

23 percent of prime contracts for small businesses

5 percent of prime and subcontracts for small disadvantaged businesses

5 percent of prime and subcontracts for women-owned small businesses

3 percent of prime contracts for Historically Underutilized Business Zone (HUBZone) small businesses

3 percent of prime and subcontracts for service-disabled veteran-owned small businesses.

Page 68: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Registering a Company:

Central Contractor Registration

The Central Contractor Registration (CCR) is the primary vendor database for the

U.S. Federal Government.

Collect

Validates

Store and disseminates

Registration in CCR in order to be awarded contracts by the government.

Registration to provide information relevant to procurement and financial transactions.

Page 69: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Information Needed to Register

Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) Number

CAGE Code

Legal Business Name and Doing Business As (DBA)

US Federal TIN

Physical Street Address 1

Date Business Started

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Codes

Bank accounts information

This is some of the information needed.

The complete list is in the CCR webpage

http://www.ccr.gov

Page 70: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Finding Possibilities through Internet

There are good number of search engines that provide at definite fee or even free

information about projects, RFP, RFQ in government and private companies. Some

of these web sites are:

Fedbizopps.gov

DemandStar.com

Comm-pass.com

Findrp.com

Onvia.com

Also, some government and private entities post in their website the opportunities

they have. Examples of this are: US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and

Bechtel Corporation

Page 71: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Where to find Federal Contracts ?

Page 72: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Where to find Federal Contracts ?

Page 73: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Where to find Federal Contracts ?

Page 74: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

www.usace.army.mil

Page 75: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Doing business with the US Army Corps

Page 76: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Doing business with the US Army Corps

Page 77: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Doing business with the US Army Corps

Page 78: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Doing business with the US Army Corps

Page 79: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Doing business with the US Army Corps

Registration is to

receive notifications of

any changes to the

specified solicitation by

e-mail

Page 80: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Contents

Information about the U.S. Electric Power Industry

Selection of Attractive States

Projects and specific available possibilities

Operational schemes

Barriers and Requirements to Establish and Operate in US

Establishing a company in the U.S.

Marketing strategies

Conclusions

Page 81: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

Conclusions

The electrical system of the USA presents a giant and well developed infrastructure but presents severe weaknesses and needs important projects. Therefore it offers huge market possibilities for transnational and established companies.

Doing business in the USA is both easy and difficult. It is easy in the sense that there are thousands of opportunities well paid generally. It is difficult though in the sense that penetrating the American market is complicated, high investment is normally required and getting acquainted with the bid process is lengthy.

It is very important to stress that the US offers possibilities in each of the 50 states. From a selection based on economical figures and parameters of the electricity market a total of 10 states were taken: Texas, Florida, California, Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Illinois, North Carolina, Georgia and Michigan.

Page 82: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

References

Page 83: ¿Por qué el TLC entre Colombia y EEUU ofrece nuevas oportunidades para los productos

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR COLOMBIAN

COMPANIES IN THE U.S. MARKET

Questions?

[email protected]

Tel: +1-954-3848925