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Food security and Livelihood
Surabhi Mittal
• Improved inputs
(fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, ir
rigation)1960’s- rigation)
• Main gains in irrigated region
• Achieved goal of food security
and self sufficiency
• Not inclusive
1960’s-
Green
Revolution
Why Food Security?
Global Food Inflation
Competitive protectionism-
Export bans, Increased Tariffs
Reports of hoardings and
cartels
Current Food inflation in India
in double digit
INDIAN AGRICULTURE
Goal
• Food Security
• Self Sufficiency and
Sustainability
Dynamics of the sector
• Rainfall and climate change
• Changing cropping pattern
• Poor natural resource
management
Food Security
Food Availability
(Macro level)
Food Access
(Household Level)
Food Utilization (Individual level)
Food
Vulnerability
Four Pillars
Issues under Food Security
• Declining share of agriculture sector in GDP
• Low agricultural growth rates
• Increase ‘Food Inflation’
Sectoral
Trends
• Area shifting and declining productivitySectors • Area shifting and declining productivity
• High dependence on the sector for livelihood
• Increasing per capita demand
Sectors
Composition
• High poverty headcount
• Increasing number of undernourished
populationIndicators
Incidence of Poverty and Food
insecurity
40
5049.8
28.6
42
32.630
Pe
r ce
nt
of
Po
pu
lati
on
Poverty headcount Undernourishment
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization
0
10
20
30
Bangladesh India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka
28.625
20
10
17
24 22
Pe
r ce
nt
of
Po
pu
lati
on
Constraints – Food Security
Poor targeting & In-accessible
Cash Vs. Stocks Transportation Infrastructure
Poor supply response
Low productivity Price Policy Input availability
High administrative cost
Buffer Stock management
Where are we stuck?
Policy Dilemmas
Increased
production vs
Political Economy
India – Pakistanproduction vs
better income
Subsidy vs.
Investments
Small operational
holdings Vs.
Mechanisation
India – Pakistan
Formation of farmer
cooperative and
private investments
Track II- Institutional
linkages
Proposed solutions
Food
Bank ?
• Suggested by SAARC
• Problems in making it
operational
Role of
Trade• Promote inter-regional trade
• Integrating with the world market
• Liberalise South Asian Agriculture
• Reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers
• Do away with ad-hoc policies
Regional
Cooperation• Technology Transfer
• Extension and Management
• Seed bank
Ensuring Food Security
The Regions needs to adopt an
integrated strategy
encompassing encompassing
Increased
domestic
production
expanded
social safety
net
programmes
collaboration
within South
Asian countries
to revisit trade
policies
Major Issues and Challenges
Productivity
Irrigation
and Water
Management
Credit and
Insurance
Horticulture
and agro-
processing
Efficient
Supply Chain
Management
Government
Intervention
Investment in Agriculture
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
Rs. Crore
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
Rs. Crore
Public Private
Rationale of Track II
Track II are non-official dialogue but are expected to serve as a
parallel to government process to strengthen the programs
Networking at government level, people level and business level Networking at government level, people level and business level
• political will
• better information to policy makers
• creating wide policy opinions.
Increased representations from academics, NGO’s, business
community and government will help to generate
Food security- Track II
Helps better linkages between agricultural research and
technology-transfer
track two has largely evolved as a mechanism of general
exchange of thoughts, views and policy opinions.exchange of thoughts, views and policy opinions.
the awareness and the participation of under
representation groups get broadened
Move towards
Farmer as the entrepreneur
An organized and planned agricultural production and marketing
Increase investment and prioritize areas of investment
Government role as implementation of policies and constant
evaluation
Partnership among all stake holders