Types of Motor Control

Explain the relationship with motor programmes Sources of information:

◦ Recall Schema (Knowledge of initial conditions + Knowledge of response specification)

◦ Recognition Schema (Knowledge of sensory consequences + Knowledge of movement outcomes)

Identify practical examples of schema

“A Generalised series of movement patterns which are modified depending on the situation and the environment.”

Discuss this statement and see if you can relate it to sporting examples.

Schema theory is basically an extension of a motor programme. It suggests that skills can be adapted to different sports/situations.

• Explains how sports performers can undertake so many actions with very little conscious control

• The long-term memory isn’t big enough to store all the motor programmes required under the open and closed loop theories

This theory suggests that not all motor programmes are store as separate motor programmes, like the open loop theory suggests

Each motor programme has connections with others called; ‘generalised movements’ – adaption's of movement that will transfer to influence other performances.

A build up of experiences that can be adapted to meet the demands of situations

Read Pg 178 (Apply It) – copy this into your notes

A schema for throwing can be adapted to: Returning a Cricket ball. A long pass in Basketball/Netball. Goal keeper throw. Throwing a Javelin. What enables you to know how to perform

the skill within a given situation?

Experiences can be gathered from four areas. These are termed ‘memory items’

1 Knowledge of Initial Conditions: Has the person experienced this before?

2 Knowledge of Response Specifications: Having knowledge of what to do in this situation

3 Knowledge of Sensory Consequences: Applies to Kinaesthesis (How it feels)

4 Knowledge of Movement Outcome: Knowing what the results of the skill is likely to be

For your exam you should be able to list all the ‘memory items’ and explain what they are.

You also need to be able to explain using practical examples what Recall and Recognition Schema are.

Recall Schema: Is Memory Item 1 and Memory Item 2 combined

Recall Schema has two functions: To store info of the movement your doing Start the movement Recognition Schema: Is Memory Item 3

and Memory Item 4 combined Recognition Schema has two functions: Control the movement Evaluate the movement

In order for Schemas to be constructed and developed, the performer has to collate information from four areas of the movement.

Page 179 Link each stage of the table to a

sporting example which you can relate to.

What is variability of practice? Making practice different – changing the

environment that you practice e.g? What is transfer of learning? Transferring what you learn into a game. So in

practice doing something, if it is positively transferred, it will be able to be done in a game situation.

How is variability of practice and transfer of learning linked to Schema??

Flash Cards