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Personalised Access to Cultural Heritage Spaces using Pathways Mark Stevenson University of Sheffield

PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

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Presentation given by Mark Stevenson, University of Sheffield, at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University.

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Page 1: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

Personalised Access to Cultural Heritage Spaces using Pathways

Mark Stevenson University of Sheffield

Page 2: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

Overview

•  Information access in cultural heritage

•  PATHS project

Page 3: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

Information access in cultural heritage

•  Significant amounts of Cultural Heritage material available online –  Web portals, digital libraries, Wikipedia …

•  Users find it difficult to navigate and interpret the wealth of information –  users are normally not subject experts –  systems offer limited support for knowledge exploration and

discovery

Page 4: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

Traditional Access

Page 5: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

Online Access

Page 6: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

PATHS http://www.paths-project.eu

•  Supporting user’s knowledge discovery and exploration

•  Use of pathways/trails to navigate and explore the information space

•  Personalisation to adapt views/paths to specific users or groups of users

•  Links to items within the information space and externally to contextualise and aid interpretation

Page 7: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

PATHS: Basic facts

•  STREP funded under the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme

•  36 months –  1st January 2011 to 31st December 2013

•  6 partners in 5 countries –  Sheffield University (co-ordinator) –  Universidad del Pais Vasco –  i-sieve technologies Ltd –  Asplan Viak Internet Ltd –  MDR Partners –  Alinari 24 Ore Spa

Page 8: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

Project objectives

•  Analysis of users’ requirements for discovering knowledge in Cultural Heritage collections and construction of pathways/trails

•  Automated organisation and enrichment of Cultural Heritage content for use within a navigation system

•  Implementation of a system for navigating Cultural Heritage resources

•  Techniques for providing personalised access to Cultural Heritage content (e.g. recommender systems)

•  Porting the navigation system for use on mobile devices and Facebook

•  Evaluation with user groups and in field trials

Page 9: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

Research areas •  Information Access

–  user-driven navigation through collections –  knowledge of users’ requirements for access to cultural heritage

collections –  modeling of user preferences and context

•  Educational Informatics –  adapting to individual learners in relation to being directed and

being allowed the freedom to explore autonomously

•  Content Interpretation and Enrichment –  representation and sharing of information about items in Digital

Libraries –  identifying background information related to the items in cultural

heritage collections (e.g. links to Wikipedia pages)

Page 10: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

Pathways for navigation

•  Navigation through a collection via metaphor of “pathways”

•  A path is a ‘route’ through an information space –  defined as collections of cultural heritage resources –  consists of items, links connecting them and narrative

Presentation at Glasgow University, 14th March 2011

Page 11: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

•  Users can follow pre-defined “guided paths” –  created by domain experts, such as scholars or teachers

•  Provide an easily accessible entry point to the collection –  can be followed in their entirety or left at any point

•  Users can also create and share their own paths

•  Paths can be based around any theme –  artist and media (“paintings by Picasso”) –  historic periods (“the Cold War”) –  places (“Venice”) –  famous people (“Muhammed Ali”) –  or any other topic (e.g. “Europe”, “food”)

Guided and user generated paths

Page 12: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

•  Trails (Memex, 1945) –  Associative trails explicitly created by users forming links

between stored materials to help others navigate •  Destinations (search engines and web analytics)

–  Origin/landing page (from query), intermediate pages and destination page

•  Search strategies (information seeking) –  Users moving between information sources, perhaps due to

changes in their information needs •  Guided tours (hypertext)

–  authors create sequence of pages useful to others (manual) –  automatically generated trails to assist with web navigation –  used in educational informatics and cultural heritage

Paths and trails have been studied in many fields

Page 13: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

Learning and knowledge discovery

•  A particular area of focus in PATHS –  Aims to help people to learn and discover new knowledge as

they use cultural heritage resources

•  People learn and solve problems differently –  some people require a lot of guiding; others are self-directed –  some people welcome irrelevant material; others are intolerant –  some people creatively explore and come up with new ideas;

others want to answer a set problem

•  Users may perform information seeking –  must navigate through information spaces –  different people may require different levels of assistance

Page 14: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

Autonomous

Dependent

Local (analytic) Global

Key cognitive dimensions (Pask and Witkin)

Adopting a navigation path that matches one’s predominant style can influence the effectiveness of the resultant learning.

Local (analytic) Global

Learning/problem-solving goals

Convergent goals. “Find an answer”. Learn pre-defined content.

Divergent goals. Creatively explore. Come up with new ideas.

Process goals

Concerned with procedures and vertical deep detail (procedure building).

Concerned with conceptual overview and horizontal broad inter-relationships (description building).

Navigation styles

Serialist navigation style Narrow focus. One thing at a time. Short logical links between nodes. Intolerance of strictly irrelevant material. Finish with one topic before going on to the next.

Holist navigation style Broad global focus. Many things on the go at the same time. Rich links between nodes. Welcoming of enrichment (but strictly irrelevant) material. Layered approach returning to nodes at different level of detail.

Positive learning outcomes

Good grasp of detailed evidence. Deep understanding of individual topics. In-depth understanding of the parts.

Well developed conceptual overview. Broad inter-relationship of ideas. Good grasp of the “big picture”.

Characteristic learning pathologies

Poor appreciation of topic inter-relationships. Failing to see the “big picture”.

Poor grasp of detail. Over-generalisation.

Page 15: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

6/22/11 © The University of Sheffield

Europeana http://www.europeana.eu

•  Europe’s Digital Library, Museum and Archive •  Vision of six European heads of state (2005) •  Launched in November 2008 •  1,500 contributing institutions •  Over 15 million items

Page 16: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

<record> <dc:creator>Davies, J O</dc:creator> <dc:date>[2001]</dc:date> <dc:title>Stembridge Windmill, High Ham, Somerset</dc:title> <dc:description>This is a random-coursed blue lias stone tower mill, with a unique thatched cap. Built 1822 to replace an earlier mill

which was sited a few hundred metres to the north east. It ceased work in 1908 and was willed to the National Trust in 1969, since when quite extensive repairs have been carried out.</dc:description>

<dc:identifier>http://viewfinder.english-heritage.org.uk/search/detail.asp?calledFrom=oai&amp;imageUID=8</dc:identifier> <dc:language>en</dc:language> <dc:rights>Copyright English Heritage.NMR</dc:rights> <dc:subject>Agriculture</dc:subject> <dc:subject>Windmill</dc:subject> <dc:subject>Tower Mill</dc:subject> <dc:type>Image</dc:type> <dcterms:isPartOf>English Heritage</dcterms:isPartOf> <europeana:country>uk</europeana:country> <europeana:dataProvider>English Heritage - Viewfinder</europeana:dataProvider> <europeana:isShownAt>http://viewfinder.english-heritage.org.uk/search/detail.asp?calledFrom=oai&amp;imageUID=8</

europeana:isShownAt> <europeana:language>en</europeana:language> <europeana:object>http://www.culturegrid.org.uk/dpp/resource/1512084/stream/thumbnail_image_jpeg</europeana:object> <europeana:provider>CultureGrid</europeana:provider> <europeana:rights>http://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/</europeana:rights> <europeana:type>IMAGE</europeana:type> <europeana:uri>http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/09405o/AC721E03934115003DEA60494AC9C88441A255ED</

europeana:uri> <europeana:year>2001</europeana:year> </record>

Europeana data

Page 17: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

•  Positives – Consistent format

•  Negatives – Field values not standardised

•  Different vocabularies •  Different levels of detail

– Very frequent field values

– URIs are not stable!

Europeana data

Page 18: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

•  Aim to improve access to large Cultural Heritage collections

•  Research areas: –  Information Access –  Educational Informatics

–  Content Processing and Enrichment

Conclusions

Page 19: PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University

Contact

[email protected]

Any questions?

http://www.paths-project.eu/

[email protected]