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Oracle Multitenant Architecture, Oracle Database 12c
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Oracle MultitenantMahir M. Quluzade
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Organized by ORIENT ITM 12 July 2014
2 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Agenda
Rethinking Architecture for the Database Multitenant Architecture Capabilities Enabled Managing Shared Resources Upgrading to Multitenant
3 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
About me
Broad member of AZEROUG (Azerbaijan Oracle User Group) OCE, RAC 11g and Grid infrastructure OCP Database 11g Administrator OCE Database SQL Author of OTN Articles and OTech Magazine Central Bank - Oracle DBA Oracle Blog : http//www.mahir-quluzade.com
4 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Oracle Database Architecture
Oracle Instance– SGA & PGA – Background Processes
Oracle Database – Control Files– Data Files – Redo Logs (Online and Archived)– Parameter and Password file
Pre-12c Oracle Database
Database ServerMemory
BackgroundProcesses
DatabaseFiles
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Oracle Database ArchitectureRequires memory, processes and database files
System Resources
ERPMemory
BackgroundProcesses
DatabaseFiles
CRMMemory
BackgroundProcesses
DatabaseFiles
DWMemory
BackgroundProcesses
DatabaseFiles
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Container Database
New Multitenant ArchitectureMemory and processes required at multitenant container level only
System Resources
ERPMemory
BackgroundProcesses
DatabaseFiles
CRMMemory
BackgroundProcesses
DatabaseFiles
DWMemory
BackgroundProcesses
DatabaseFiles
7 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
New Multitenant ArchitectureMemory and processes required at multitenant container level only
System Resources
Container Database
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Increasing ConsolidationOracle Database 12g
Schema Consolidation
Container Database
Multitenant Database
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Agenda
Rethinking Architecture for the Database Multitenant Architecture Capabilities Enabled Managing Shared Resources Upgrading to Multitenant
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Multitenant ArchitectureComponents of a Multitenant Container Database (CDB)
Multitenant Container DatabaseROOT
12.1
HCM12.1
DW12.1
CRM12.1
ERP12.1
Pluggable Databases (PDBs)
PDBs
Root
CDB
create database … enable pluggable database
Create CDB
create pluggable database …Create PDB
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Multitenant Architecture
Multitenant architecture can currently support up to 252 PDBs
A PDB feels and operates identically to a non-CDB
You cannot tell, from the viewpoint of a connected client, if you’re using a PDB or a non-CDB
Database Link
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Unplug / plugSimply unplug from the old CDB…
13 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Unplug / plug
Moving between CDBs is a simple case of moving a PDB’s metadata
An unplugged PDB carries with it lineage, opatch, encryption key info etc
…and plug in to the new CDB…
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Unplug / plugExample
alter pluggable database HCMunplug into '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/…/hcm.xml'
create pluggable database My_PDBusing '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/…/hcm.xml'
Plug
Unplug
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Common Data DictionaryBefore 12.1: dilution over time
Database Created Mature DatabaseTables, Code, Data added
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Data Dictionary Architecture in a CDBOracle Database 12c
OBJ$ TAB$ SOURCE$
…
EMP DEPT
…
OBJ$ TAB$ SOURCE$
…
rootDatabase Metadata Only
PDBUser Metadata Only User Data
Met
adat
a Li
nks
Oracle Database stores metadata about dictionary objects only in the root
– PDB uses Metadata Link to point to the definition of object stored in the root
The data corresponding to a metadata link resides in its PDB
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Multitenant Architecture – Dynamics
PDBs share common SGA andbackground processes
Foreground sessions see only the PDB they connect to
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CRM HCM ERP BI0
0.51
1.52
2.53
MEMORY
Pluggable Database
GB
CRM HCM ERP BI DW0
0.51
1.52
2.53
MEMORY
Pluggable Database
GB
Multitenant Scalability
Only small increments in memory as additional PDBs are added
CRM HCM ERP0
0.51
1.52
2.53
MEMORY
Pluggable Database
GB
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Files in the CDB
Each PDB has its own set of tablespaces including SYSTEM and SYSAUX
PDBs share UNDO, REDOand control files, (s)pfile
By default the CDB has a single TEMP tablespace but PDBs may create their own
Namespaces
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Users Local users are the successors for
customer-created users in a non-CDB A local user is defined only in a PDB A local user can administer a PDB A common user is defined in the root
and is represented in every PDB A common user can log into any PDB
where it has “Create Session” and can therefore administer a PDB
The Oracle system is owned by common users
21 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Common Users and Privileges
A common user can be granted privileges locally in a PDB (or root)and therefore differently in each container
A common user can, alternatively, be granted a system privilegecommonly – the grant is made in root and every PDB, present and future
You can create a common role A common role can be granted to a common user commonly Authorization is checked in the container where the SQL is attempted
considering only the privileges that the user has in that container
Authorization is checked in the same way as as pre-12.1
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Agenda
Rethinking Architecture for the Database Cloud Multitenant Architecture Capabilities Enabled Managing Shared Resources Upgrading to Multitenant
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Manage Many as One with MultitenantBackup databases as one; recover at pluggable database level
DW12.1
CRM12.1
ERP12.1
One Backup
Point-in-time recoveryAt pluggable database level
Multitenant Container Database
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Production Container Database
Manage Many as One with MultitenantOne standby database covers all pluggable databases
HCM12.1
DW12.1
CRM12.1
ERP12.1
Standby Container Database
HCM12.1
DW12.1
CRM12.1
ERP12.1
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Multitenant for Simplified PatchingApply changes once, all pluggable databases updated
Upgrade in-place
Multitenant Container Database
DW12.1
CRM12.1
ERP12.1
12.X
12.X
12.X
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Multitenant for UpgradesFlexible choice when patching & upgrading databases
Original Container Database (12.1) Upgraded Container Database (12.X)
DW12.X
CRM12.X
DW12.1
CRM12.1
ERP12.1
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Improved Agility With Changing WorkloadsExpand Cluster to Support Flexible Consolidation Model
Services
Single SGA perCDB Instance
Node1
CDB Instance 1
Node2
CDB Instance 2
Multitenant Container Database (CDB)
CRMBI HCM ERPDW
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Improved Agility With Changing WorkloadsExpand Cluster to Support Flexible Consolidation Model
Services
Single SGA perCDB Instance
Node1
CDB Instance 1
Node2
CDB Instance 2
Node3
CDB Instance 3
Multitenant Container Database (CDB)
CRMBI HCM ERPDW
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Multitenant for Provisioning
PDBs can be cloned from remote CDBs
PDBs can be cloned from within the same CDB
Fast cloning of PDBs
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Cloning a PDBExample
create pluggable database HCMBI from HCM
create pluggable database HCMBI from [email protected]
Remote (DB Link)
Local
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Per PDB vs per CDBCommon operations on CDB with granular control where appropriate
Single Oracle Software Version
Data Guard
Scheduled RMAN Backups
Some parameters/propertiese.g. homogeneous character set
Redo and Undo
RMAN point-in-time recovery
Ad hoc RMAN backups
Flush shared pool
Parameters where
IsPDB_Modifiable = 'TRUE'
Per CDB Per PDB
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Advantages of Multitenant ArchitectureReduced CapEx & OpEx, Increased Agility, Easy Adoption
Container Database
Self-contained PDB for each application Applications run unchanged Rapid provisioning (via clones) Portability (via pluggability)
Shared memory and background processes More applications per server
Common operations performed at CDB level Manage many as one (upgrade, HA, backup) Granular control when appropriate
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Agenda
Rethinking Architecture for the Database Cloud Multitenant Architecture Capabilities Enabled Managing Shared Resources Upgrading to Multitenant
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Managing Shared ResourcesResource management in multitenant environment
Multitenant Container DatabaseHigh Priority
Medium Priority
Low Priority
DW
CRM
ERP
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Managing Resources between PDBs
Resource Manager can manage resources on two basic levels:– CDB level
How resources are allocate d to PDBs Limit the resources utilization of specific PDBs
– PDB level Resource Manager can manage the workloads within each PDB
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Managing Resources between PDBs
Using Resource Manager, you can control– CPU– Parallel execution servers– Exadata I/O– Sessions
Configure a policy that controls how resources are utilized– Default configuration that works, even as PDBs are added or removed
You can change default configuration
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Manage CPU
Pluggable Database Shares Guaranteed CPU Maximum CPU
HCM 2 2/4 = 50% 100%
CRM 1 1/4 = 25% 100%
ERP 1 1/4 = 25% 100%
2 Shares 1 Share 1 Share
A CDB Resource Plan uses shares to specify how CPU is distributed between PDBs
39 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Agenda
Rethinking Architecture for the Database Cloud Multitenant Architecture Capabilities Enabled Managing Shared Resources Upgrading to Multitenant
40 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Upgrading to MultitenantStep 1: Upgrade databases in-place
10.2
ERP
11.1
CRM
11.2
DW
12.1
ERP
12.1
CRM
12.1
DW
Container Database
Upgrade in PlaceContainer Database
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Upgrading to MultitenantStep 2: Plug-in upgraded databases
Container Database
12.1
ERP
12.1
CRM
12.1
DW
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Upgrading to Multitenant
No application changes required.
Step 3. Change applications to work with Multitenant
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Migrate using Replication
① Provision new PDB from Seed② Replicate using technologies such as
Oracle GoldenGate or Data Pump
New in 12.1, you ask that full database export and full database import make maximum use of transportable tablespaces in the single expdb and impdb commands.
(Backported to 11.2.0.3.)
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Benefit Capability Enabled
Minimize CapEx • More applications per server
Minimize OpEx• Manage many as one• Standardized procedures & service levels• Rapid provisioning
Maximize Agility• Cloning for development / testing• Portability through “pluggability” • Scalability with RAC
Ease of Adoption • Applications run unchanged
Key Benefits
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Agenda
Rethinking Architecture for the Database Cloud Multitenant Architecture Capabilities Enabled Managing Shared Resources Upgrading to Multitenant
46 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Q&AYour questions
47 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Thank you!
Mahir M. Quluzadehttp://www.mahir-quluzade.com
ORIENT ITM!