ASEMINAR ON

Submitted by:

HITESH KUMAWATEIC

4th year

OPTICAL COMPUTING

CONTENT

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INTRODUCTION

With the growth of computing technology the need of high performance computers (HPC) has significantly increased. Optics has been used in computing for a number of years but the main emphasis has been and continues to be to link portions of computers, for communications, or more intrinsically in devices that have some optical application or component (optical pattern recognition etc.)

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WHY WE NEED OPTICAL COMPUTERS?

• Rapid growth of the Internet• Network speeds currently limited by

electronic circuits• Terabit speeds are required• Traditional silicon circuits have a physical

limit

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WHAT IS THE OPTICAL COMPUTING?

Consider E-mail

.txt format

ElectronicTo Photonic Converter

Fiber optic cables

Optical Computers perform computations, operate, store and transmit data using only

light. 5

COMPONENTS FOR COMPUTING

• VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser)

• SPT (Smart Pixel Technology)

• WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

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VCSEL & PHOTODIODE

SMART PIXEL TECHNOLOGY

Smart pixel technology is a relatively new approach to integrating electronic circuitry and optoelectronic devices in a common framework.The purpose is to leverage the advantages of each individual technology and provide improved performance for specific applications.

Here, the electronic circuitry provides complex functionality and programmability while the optoelectronic devices provide high-speed switching and compatibility with existing optical media.

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DEVICES FOR OPTICAL COMPUTING

• Logic gates : Logic gates are implemented optically by

controlling the population inversion that occurs to produce lasing. A controlling laser is used to control the population inversion thus causing switching to occur.

• Holographic truth table: Destructive interference with light to be emitted

or not is based on phase relationship.

• Logic based on gratings: 1 is represented vertical grating causing light 0 is represented by horizontal grating causing

darkness. 9

TRADITIONAL INTERCONNECTIONS

INTERCONNECTIONS IN OPTICAL COMPUTING

• Fiber optic cables and optical transceivers are widely used.

• Applications of optical communications like fiber channel and computer networking are already being used.

• Chip to Chip and On-Chip interconnection possibilities are still being examined.

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APPLICATION

• High speed communications• Process satellite data.• Storage area Network• Optical crossbar interconnects are

used in a synchronous transfer modes and shared memory multiprocessor systems.

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CONT….

• Optical Computing In VLSI Technology Many researchers have been investigating suitable optical logic devices, interconnection schemes, and architectures. Furthermore, optics may provide drastically new architectures to overcome some architectural problems of conventional electrical computers.• Optical computing as expanders

The optical expander described utilizes high-speed and high-space-bandwidth product connections that are provided by optical beams in three dimensions.

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ADVANTAGES

• Small size• High density• High speed• Low heating of junctions• Dynamically reconfigurable and scalable

into larger or smaller topologies and network

• Massively parallel computing capability• Applications in artificial intelligence

applications14

• Although there is a basic speed limitation in optoelectronic conversion delays ,WDM is used to get around this limitation.

• Promising but there are problems regarding dense organization of optical processing units but DWDM techniques can be used to overcome these limitations too.

LIMITATION

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FUTURE TRENDS

CONCLUSION

Research in optical computing has opened up new possibilities in several fields related to high performance computing, high-speed communications. To design algorithms that execute applications faster , software development will have a major impact in the future and the ground rules for the computing may have to be rewritten.

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THANK YOU

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