Open Source / Data / Government. All the Same?

Are All “Opens”The Same?

Ian HenshawCEO

The ODI North Carolina

[email protected]@ihenshaw

All “Opens” The Same?September 5, 2014

@TheODINC@ihenshaw 2

About the Open Data Institute

The Open Data Institute is catalyzing the evolution of open data culture to create economic, environmental,

and social value. It helps unlock supply, generates demand, creates and disseminates data to address

local and global issues.

We convene world-class experts to collaborate, incubate, nurture and mentor new ideas, and promote

innovation. We enable anyone to learn and engage with open data, and empower our teams to help others

through professional coaching and mentoring.



What are the “Opens”?



The “Opens”

● Open Government

● Open License

● Open Standard

● Open Source

– Software and Hardware

● Open Service

● Open Data



What is Open?

● Access

● Redistribution

● Reuse

● Absence of Technological Restriction

● Attribution

● Integrity

● No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups

● No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor

● Distribution of License

● License Must Not Be Specific to a Package

● License Must Not Restrict the Distribution of Other Works

From: http://opendefinition.org/od/



Access

The work shall be available as a whole and at no more than a reasonable reproduction cost,

preferably downloading via the Internet without charge. The work must also be available in a

convenient and modifiable form.



Redistribution

The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the work either on its own or as part of a package made from works from many different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale or

distribution.



Reuse

The license must allow for modifications and derivative works and must allow them to be

distributed under the terms of the original work.



Absence of Technological Restriction

The work must be provided in such a form that there are no technological obstacles to the

performance of the above activities (Access, Redistribution and Reuse). This can be achieved

by the provision of the work in an open data format, i.e. one whose specification is publicly

and freely available and which places no restrictions monetary or otherwise upon its use.



Attribution

The license may require as a condition for redistribution and re-use the attribution of the contributors and creators to the work. If this

condition is imposed it must not be onerous. For example if attribution is required a list of those

requiring attribution should accompany the work.



Integrity

The license may require as a condition for the work being distributed in modified form that the resulting work carry a different name or version

number from the original work.



No Discrimination

● Against Persons or Groups

– The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.

● Against Fields of Endeavor

– The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the work in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the work from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research.



Distribution of License

The rights attached to the work must apply to all to whom it is redistributed without the need for

execution of an additional license by those parties.



License Must Not Be Specific to a Package

The rights attached to the work must not depend on the work being part of a particular package. If

the work is extracted from that package and used or distributed within the terms of the work’s

license, all parties to whom the work is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the

original package.



License Must Not Restrict the Distribution of Other Works

The license must not place restrictions on other works that are distributed along with the licensed

work. For example, the license must not insist that all other works distributed on the same

medium are open.



Open Government

Open government is the governing doctrine which holds that citizens have the right to access the documents and proceedings of the government to allow for effective public oversight.

● Transparency

● Accountability

● e-Government

● Freedom of Information

● Open Government Data



Open License

Any free content license qualifies as an open content license.

● Creative Commons licenses (only Creative Commons Attribution, Attribution-Share Alike and Zero)

● Open Publication License (the original license of the Open Content Project, the Open Content License, did not permit for-profit copying of the licensed work and therefore does not qualify)

● Against DRM license

● GNU Free Documentation License

● Open Game License (a license designed for role-playing games by Wizards of the Coast)

● Free Art License



Open Standard

A standard that is publicly available and has various rights to use associated with it, and may also have various properties of how it was designed (e.g. open process)

● American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

● International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

● Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

● World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)



Open Source Software (OSS)

Computer software with its source code made available with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose.

● Free Software Foundation (FSF)

– GNU General Public License (GPL)

– GNU Free Documentation License (FDL)

● Open Source Initiative (OSI)

List at: https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/license-list.html



Open Source Software (OSS)

Open Source Initiative (OSI)

● The following OSI-approved licenses are popular, widely used, or have strong communities:– Apache License 2.0

– BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" license

– BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" or "FreeBSD" license

– GNU General Public License (GPL)

– GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License (LGPL)

– MIT license

– Mozilla Public License 2.0

– Common Development and Distribution License

– Eclipse Public License

From: http://opensource.org/licenses/



Open Source Hardware

Open source hardware consists of physical artifacts of technology designed and offered by the open design movement.

● SPARC - RISC instruction set architecture (ISA)

● Arduino

● Raspberry Pi



Open Service

● Code: The software that runs the main site is GPLv2

● Data: Open

● Code: Mediawiki is currently F/OSS

● Data: Content is available under an open license

An online service, also known under the title of Software as a Service (SaaS), is a service provided by a software application running online and making its facilities available to users over the Internet via an interface.



Open Data

Open data is data that can be freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone - subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and share alike. - Open Knowledge Foundation

● Non-Proprietary Format● Machine Readable● Easy to Access● Easy to Use● Reusable Without Restrictive License● No Cost



The DIKW Pyramid



What is not Open Data?

● Personally Identifiable Information (PII)

● Security Data● Confidential Information●



Are All “Opens” the Same?

● Open Government

● Open License

● Open Standard

● Open Source

– Software and Hardware

● Open Service

● Open Data



Questions?



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Thank youfor your time

Technology

Open Source / Data / Government. All the Same?