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Open Source 1 ? "By submitting User Submissions to the Service, you give Google a perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, and non-exclusive license to reproduce, adapt, modify, translate, publish, publicly perform, publicly display, distribute, and create derivative works of the User Submission.“ http://www.google.com/mapmaker/mapfiles/s/terms_mapmaker.html

Open Source as a an attitude and the approach of OSGeo

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Presentation given at Opeing Ceremony of FOSS4G SouthEast Asia, UTM, Johor Bahru, 2012

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?"By submitting User Submissions to the Service, you give Google a perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, and non-exclusive license to reproduce, adapt, modify, translate, publish, publicly perform, publicly display, distribute, and create derivative works of the User Submission.“

http://www.google.com/mapmaker/mapfiles/s/terms_mapmaker.html

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Open Source as a an attitude and the approach of OSGeo

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Franz-Josef Behr

Hochschule für Technik StuttgartStuttgart University of Applied SciencesStuttgart Active Alumni Group

18 July 2012UTM, Johor Bahre

Partlially based on a presentation of Arnulf Christl, OSGeo President

http://www.metaspatial.net

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Agenda

My personal history Software Development Comparing Open Source and Proprietary Technological aspects Free Software Licenses The approach of SOGe

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My personal history

Academian 12 years of (closed) GIS business

– IBM GFIS– MapInfo– Municipalitiies, utility sector

Professor Involved in some (own) open source projects

– SUAS MapServer– Opengeocoding.org– http://www.opencts.org/ (see also http://geowen.hft-stuttgart.de/)

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Software development team

Solves the problem

new version is released

Software users have new requirements, find bugs

Code is improved

Problem is identified

Software Development

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OSGeo - Spatially Empowered Open Source 6/42

Market analysis

Software development team

Goal: Goal: Solve problem

new version is released

Participators propose new features & find bugs

Improved code is published on the Web

Development team

develops software

Goal: Sell licensesGoal: Sell licenses Product launch

beta version release

for beta testerbeta tester reports errors to

development team

development team reproduces the error

development team solves problem after OK from pm

Proprietary motivation: Make MoneyProprietary motivation: Make Money

Problem is identified

development team reports to the product management

Internet as communication pool and distribution media

Open Source motivation: Solve Open Source motivation: Solve ProblemProblem

Proprietary vs Open Source

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Market analysis

Development team

develops software

Goal: Sell licensesGoal: Sell licenses Product launch

beta version release

for beta testerbeta tester reports errors to

development team

development team reproduces the error

development team solves problem after OK from pm

Proprietary motivation: Make MoneyProprietary motivation: Make Money

development team reports to the product management

Proprietary Business Model

Black

Box

Primary Motivation: Having monetary success

Primary Task: Marketing of differentiation

Associated Business Model:

Restriction of distributionchannels

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Open Source Business Model

Software development team

Goal: Goal: Solve problem

new version is released

Participators propose new features & find bugs

Improved code is published on the Web

Problem is identified

Internet as communication pool and distribution media

Open Source motivation: Solve Open Source motivation: Solve ProblemProblem

Primary Motivation: Solve problems

Primary Task: Professional software

development, optimal problem solution, sharing the code

Associated Business Model: Openness Services, support Sponsored development and

adaption Training Distribution channel: Internet

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How can this be feasible?

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Overall Revenue in IT

Less than 10% of revenue in IT is generated through selling

software usage licenses.

(i.e. by restricting copying)

I.e. 90%: other servicesRead http://arnulf.us/Cadastre for more details.

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Idea of problem solving

Release (publish) the Source Code!

Download, installation, Usage

Feed back fromthe users

Open Source Project

Iterate…

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Open Source Development

Public access to code improves the quality Typically bugs are fixed faster Often more secure due to multiple scrutiny Innovation is easier – and... Users have full control about what they get ...and many more advantages.

Source Code contains all functionality (and only Source Code can be modified).

Read http://producingoss.org by Karl Fogel for details

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Is this Open Source?

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Open Source Development: The OpenLayers Example

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Groups involved

Users Mailing lists participants Registered developers (contributors) Project Steering Committee (7 members,

http://trac.openlayers.org/wiki/SteeringCommitteeMembers) Committee Chair

– facilitates discussion of proposals, responsible for memberships of the Project Steering Committee.

– adjudication in cases of disputes about voting.

Democratic process: Addition and removal of members from the committee, as well as selection of a Chair should be handled as a proposal to the committee.

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Development Process

Clear and sound development rules:

1. Proposals OpenLayers dev mailing list discussion and voting, for at least two business days.

2. Voting:1. "+1“: indicating support for the proposal and a willingness to support

implementation.2. "-1“: to veto a proposal, but must provide clear reasoning and alternate approaches

to resolving the problem3. “-0”: indicates mild disagreement, but no effect; “0”: no opinion, “+0”: mild

support, but no effect.3. Members of the Project Steering Committee's votes will be counted.4. Acceptance: +2 (including the proposer), no vetos (-1).5. Veto can be resubmitted for an override vote.

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Open Source developers (as well as often Closed Source Developers) use Open Source.

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Versioning and tracking

Code and content: in the OpenLayers Subversion (SVN) repository, http://svn.openlayers.org/

enabling worldwide development

Project management using trac– tracking system for bugs, feature requests, version

management etc (“tickets“)– interface to Subversion– allows wiki-like markup in descriptions and messages, creating

links and seamless references between bugs, tasks,files and wiki pages.

– timeline gives historic view of the project,

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OpenLayers Subversion System

a version control system (successor of CVS)

trunk: current version of project branches: copies of original source tags: copies without modifications sandbox: „playground“ for single

developers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion_%28software%29

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Tracking system

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Testing Methodology

Test.AnotherWay-Framework

more than 2100 automated tests (http://openlayers.org/blog/2007/08/23/automated-testing/)

http://openlayers.org/dev/tests/run-tests.html

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Open Source Business

Implementation

Maintenance

Consulting

Support

bug fixing

Training

Service Level Agreement

But: Highly Competitive because no Monopolies!

Maintain specific distribution

Improve Software

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Back to Closed Source

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2011 Cambridge Conference

You are not allowed to copyYou are not allowed to modifyYou are not allowed to give away You are not allowed to improve You are not allowed to install You are not allowed to share You are not allowed to...

Proprietary Licenses

Today we can see a revival in the Terms of Services!i.e. Google Map’s Terms of Service

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The mental barrier: Copying is not Theft

There is a big difference between material theft and digital copying. – We have difficulties understanding this because we are physical

beings. But our Mind is not entirely material. So we should be able to understand

.

Because re-selling the same thing over and over again is highly profitable and it scales!

The manufacturing costs (i.e. Copying) are marginal.

Why are there many prohibiting licenses?

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Copying open source code is not plagiarism.

Open Code is licensed.

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Free Software Licensing

Free Software Licensing: Not as in "free beer" but as in free speech

You are free to:– use it anywhere for any purpose– understand and improve it– adjust it to suit your needs– collaborate with anybody else

http://www.fsf.org/

Guaranteed!

Guaranteed![http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html]

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Free Software Licensing

Free Software is a legal licensing model (attention: something like a vaccine) protecting your interests.

The opposite is proprietary software (also 'closed' or 'privative').

Nota bene: "commercial software" is a frequently used misnomer.

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Summarizing Open Source Development

Open Source might be a superior development model

The big business has recognized this long ago and provides full Open Source services

– IBM: Eclipse, Linux– Apache HTTP Server (and many other packages)– Many networking software packages

Software vendors adopt Open Source in geospatial including Autodesk, Oracle, and many others. Many companies nowadays recognizes that Open Source works.

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Yes, … but:

Anybody can call anything "Open Source"

And a name does not garantuee automaticallybetter software!

Using Open Source?

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The largest open source development site SourceForge

hosts hundreds of thousands of software

projects

The State of Open Source GIS

The State of Open Source GIS

UbuntuGISUbuntuGIS

FreeGIS.orgFreeGIS.orgOpenSourceGIS.org OpenSourceGIS.org

Blogs

Tweet

codehouse

The Web – Knowledge Base

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Source32/42

Open Source Geospatial Foundation

Your Open Source Compass...organizes spatial IT

Quality Open Source

http://www.osgeo.org

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The OSGeo Foundation

OSGeo is a global non-profit organization founded in February 2006 Leading voice for

Geospatial Open Source

Structure similar to the Apache Foundation Volunteer based Funded by sponsorship

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OSGeo's Mission

Support and promote

the highest quality

Open Source

Geospatial Software

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OSGeo's Goals

Provide resources for FOSS4G projects:– Infrastructure– Legal frame– Financial support

Promote free and open spatial data Create and maintain a quality brand Create and promote free curriculum Promote and contribute to standards

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OSGeo Activities

On a global scale:– Provide mature software solutions– Support FOSS4G, an international open source conference for

geospatial application Support local activities and capacities

– Local open source conference for geospatial application (i.e. FOSS4G-SEA)

– Local chapters (soon Malaysia) Facilitate inter-project communication Build a solid market for businesses and users Interface with industry and business Support the education of domain experts not «brand-specialists» ...

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Formal Structure

Board of 9 Directorsand President

LocalChapters

LocalChapters

LocalChapters

OfficersOfficers25 Officers

LocalChapters

LocalChaptersFoundation

Projects

CommitteesCommitteesCommittees

elected by Membership

ExecutiveDirector

91 Charter Members

Charter Members vote

appointsrepresent

Sponsors

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Committees

Board of 9 Directorsand President

LocalChapters

LocalChapters

LocalChapters

OfficersOfficers25 Officers

LocalChapters

LocalChaptersFoundation

Projects

CommitteesCommitteesCommittees

elected by Membership

ExecutiveDirector

91 Charter Members

Charter Members vote

appointsrepresent

Sponsors

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Committees

Journal

Marketing

Education Geodata

Sysadmin

Website Conference

other...

Incubation

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Software

Board of 9 Directorsand President

LocalChapters

LocalChapters

LocalChapters

OfficersOfficers25 Officers

LocalChapters

LocalChaptersFoundation

Projects

CommitteesCommitteesCommittees

elected by Membership

ExecutiveDirector

91 Charter Members

Charter Members vote

appointsrepresent

Sponsors

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OSGeo Live DVD

OpenStreetMap

UMN MapServer

MapFish

web mapping

GRASS GIS

Quantum GISOSSIM

Desktop GIS

Application Server

GEOS

GDAL/OGR

GeoTools

Libraries

MetaCRS PostGIS

GeoMajas

Quantum GIS MapServer

deegree

OpenLayers GeoServer

MapGuide OS

deegree GIS

Mapnik

Viking

KOSMO

gvSIG

SpatialLite

uDigGeopublisher

Mapbender

GeoNetwork

GeoKettle

GMTZOO Project

FDO

Metadata

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Conclusions

Open Source is an inner habit and conviction.

OSGeo– supports Free and Open Source geopatial Software– is roof and umbrella for projects and communities– is a platform, to create and share software, information and know-

how You can profit from this community simply by participating

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Open Source (and OSGeo) work because you participate in the IT process!

Participation includes

using,

learning and then

contributing back to the communit.

And: Open Source makes IT a safer investment.

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Thank you foryour Attention