Open  Content  and  Open  DataPaul  Keller,  CEU  Budapest,  3  July  2012

(1)  copyright,  content  &  metadata

(1)  copyright,  content  &  metadata(2)  the  public  task  &  open  data

copyright,  content  &  metadata

~1850 1941

~1850 1941

~1850 1941

Cultural  institutions  should  make  public  domain  material  digitised  with  public  funding  as  widely  available  as  possible  for  access  and  re-­‐use.  This  should  be  part  of  the  funding  conditions  for  digitisation  across  Europe.  (Key  recommendation  1,  p.5)

Europeam  Commission  recommendation  on  the  digitisation  and  online  accessibility  of  cultural  material  (27  October  2011):

Europeam  Commission  recommendation  on  the  digitisation  and  online  accessibility  of  cultural  material  (27  October  2011):...  recommends  that  Member  States  improve  access  to  and  use  of  digitised  cultural  material  that  is  in  the  public  domain  by:

Europeam  Commission  recommendation  on  the  digitisation  and  online  accessibility  of  cultural  material  (27  October  2011):...  recommends  that  Member  States  improve  access  to  and  use  of  digitised  cultural  material  that  is  in  the  public  domain  by:• ensuring  that  material  in  the  public  domain  remains  in  the  public  

domain  after  digitisation,

Europeam  Commission  recommendation  on  the  digitisation  and  online  accessibility  of  cultural  material  (27  October  2011):...  recommends  that  Member  States  improve  access  to  and  use  of  digitised  cultural  material  that  is  in  the  public  domain  by:• ensuring  that  material  in  the  public  domain  remains  in  the  public  

domain  after  digitisation,• promoting  the  widest  possible  access  to  digitised  public  domain  

material  as  well  as  the  widest  possible  re-­‐use  of  the  material  for  non-­‐commercial  and  commercial  purposes

~1850 1941

knowledge ignorance

we know

we don’t know

known knowns

known unkowns

unknown knowns

unknown unknowns

knowledge ignorance

we know

we don’t know

known knowns

known unkowns

unknown knowns

unknown unknowns

Donald R. Rumsfeld

knowledge ignorance

we know

we don’t know

known knowns

known unkowns

unknown knowns

unknown unknowns

Donald R. RumsfeldSlavoj Žižek

known knowns

known unkowns

unknown knowns

unknown unknowns

rights not expired

rights expired

rightsholder known

rightsholder unknown

known unkowns

unknown knowns

unknown unknowns

rights not expired

rights expired

rightsholder known

rightsholder unknown

©

unknown knowns

unknown unknowns

rights not expired

rights expired

rightsholder known

rightsholder unknown

©public

domain

unknown unknowns

rights not expired

rights expired

rightsholder known

rightsholder unknown

©public

domain

orphan

rights not expired

rights expired

rightsholder known

rightsholder unknown

©public

domain

orphan orphans >1850 1850> public domain

Content  that  is  under  copyright  (not  PD)

Content  that  is  under  copyright  (not  PD)• For  material  that  is  still  under  copyright  and  where  the  author  is  known,  

you  need  permission  to  make  the  work  available  online  (in  many  cases  also  to  digitize  it)

Content  that  is  under  copyright  (not  PD)• For  material  that  is  still  under  copyright  and  where  the  author  is  known,  

you  need  permission  to  make  the  work  available  online  (in  many  cases  also  to  digitize  it)

• For  material  that  is  still  under  copyright  and  where  the  author  is  not  known  (or  cannot  be  found)  you  still  have  to  obtain  permission  -­‐-­‐>  ‘Hostage  Works’

Content  that  is  under  copyright  (not  PD)• For  material  that  is  still  under  copyright  and  where  the  author  is  known,  

you  need  permission  to  make  the  work  available  online  (in  many  cases  also  to  digitize  it)

• For  material  that  is  still  under  copyright  and  where  the  author  is  not  known  (or  cannot  be  found)  you  still  have  to  obtain  permission  -­‐-­‐>  ‘Hostage  Works’

• This  means  that  you  have  do  ‘rights  clearance’  before  these  works  can  be  used  online.

A  word  on  Creative  Commons  licenses

A  word  on  Creative  Commons  licenses• They  are  not  a  tool  for  rights  clearance!  you  can  only  use  a  Creative  

Commons  license  if  you  are  the  rights  holder  or  if  you  have  permission  from  the  rights  holder.

A  word  on  Creative  Commons  licenses• They  are  not  a  tool  for  rights  clearance!  you  can  only  use  a  Creative  

Commons  license  if  you  are  the  rights  holder  or  if  you  have  permission  from  the  rights  holder.

• Also  you  cannot  apply  a  Creative  Commons  license  to  works  that  are  in  the  public  domain.

A  word  on  Creative  Commons  licenses• They  are  not  a  tool  for  rights  clearance!  you  can  only  use  a  Creative  

Commons  license  if  you  are  the  rights  holder  or  if  you  have  permission  from  the  rights  holder.

• Also  you  cannot  apply  a  Creative  Commons  license  to  works  that  are  in  the  public  domain.

• This  means  that  memory  institutions  can  generally  only  apply  them  to  works/collections  for  whom  they  are  the  rights  holder.

A  word  on  Creative  Commons  licenses• They  are  not  a  tool  for  rights  clearance!  you  can  only  use  a  Creative  

Commons  license  if  you  are  the  rights  holder  or  if  you  have  permission  from  the  rights  holder.

• Also  you  cannot  apply  a  Creative  Commons  license  to  works  that  are  in  the  public  domain.

• This  means  that  memory  institutions  can  generally  only  apply  them  to  works/collections  for  whom  they  are  the  rights  holder.

• Free  CC  licenses  are  a  very  powerful  tool  to  encourage  re-­‐use  of  works  in  the  collection  of  memory  organizations.

copyright,  content  &  metadata

Metadata  is  different!    

Metadata  is  different!    • Most  metadata  is  not  protected  by  copyright  because  it  is  factual  data.  

(and  no,  the  fact  that  you  invested  in  assembling  it  does  not  give  you  copyright  although  in  europe  it  get’s  you  a  database  right)  

Metadata  is  different!    • Most  metadata  is  not  protected  by  copyright  because  it  is  factual  data  

(and  no,  the  fact  that  you  invested  in  assembling  it  does  not  give  you  copyright  although  in  europe  it  get’s  you  a  database  right)  

Metadata  is  different!    • Most  metadata  is  not  protected  by  copyright  because  it  is  factual  data  

(and  no,  the  fact  that  you  invested  in  assembling  it  does  not  give  you  copyright  although  in  europe  it  get’s  you  a  database  right)  

• When  metadata  is  covered  by  copyright  (for  example  longer,  textual    descriptions)  the  copyright  generally  rests  with  the  memory  organization.

Metadata  is  different!    • Most  metadata  is  not  protected  by  copyright  because  it  is  factual  data  

(and  no,  the  fact  that  you  invested  in  assembling  it  does  not  give  you  copyright  although  in  europe  it  get’s  you  a  database  right)  

• When  metadata  is  covered  by  copyright  (for  example  longer,  textual    descriptions)  the  copyright  generally  rests  with  the  memory  organization.

• As  a  result  memory  organizations  can  generally  decide  themselves  if  and  under  which  conditions  they  want  to  make  their  metadata  available.

Europeana  Licensing  Framework

Layer #1: Digital objects (on the site of the provider)

Europeana  Licensing  Framework

Layer #1: Digital objects (on the site of the provider)

Layer #2: Previews (lower quality versions of #1)

Europeana  Licensing  Framework

Layer #1: Digital objects (on the site of the provider)

Layer #2: Previews (lower quality versions of #1)

Layer #3: Metadata (descriptive information of object)

Europeana  Licensing  Framework

Layer #1: Digital objects (on the site of the provider)

Layer #2: Previews (lower quality versions of #1)

Layer #3: Metadata (descriptive information of object)

EDM:rights

Europeana  Licensing  Framework

Layer #1: Digital objects (on the site of the provider)

Layer #2: Previews (lower quality versions of #1)

Layer #3: Metadata (descriptive information of object)

Europeana  Licensing  Framework

copyright,  content  &  metadata  (summary)

copyright,  content  &  metadata  (summary)• It  is  important  to  ensure  that  Public  Domain  Content  stays  in  the  public  

domain  and  is  not  misappropriated  by  memory  institutions  • Metadata  should  be  made  available  without  any  restrictions.  

Europeana  and  the  DPLA  set  good  examples  here  that  should  become  the  general  code  of  conduct  among  all  memory  organizations

• We  need  legal  instruments  that  allow  memory  institutions  to  make  available  the  content  in  their  collections  available  online.  This  will  require  legislative  change.

the  public  task  &  open  data

‘In addition we are of the opinion that public archive institutions need to be authorized to make works in their collections available online for non commercial purposes without the need to obtain

permission by the rights holders’ [position taken by the National Archive of the Netherlands in negotiations with rights holders]

main  aspects  of  the  proposal• will  require  not  only  access  to  public  sector  information  but  also  the  

free  re-­‐use  of  (almost)  all  publicly  accessible  public  sector  information  • proposes  to  expand  the  scope  of  the  directive  to  include  memory  

institutions:  Libraries,  Archives  &  Museums  (but  interestingly  does  not  expand  it  to  producing  institutions  such  as  public  broadcasters)

question:  should  the  scope  of  the  PSI  be  expanded  to  memory  institutions?