Oracle Database 12c

The Best Oracle Database 12c New Features for Developers and

DBAs

Presented by: Alex Zaballa, Oracle DBA

Alex Zaballa

http://alexzaballa.blogspot.com/

@alexzaballa206 and counting…https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexzaballa

Worked for 7 years in Brazil as an Oracle Developer.2000 - 2007

Worked for 8 years in Angola as an Oracle DBAfor the Ministry of Finance.2007 - 2015

Oracle Database 12c

New Features for Developers and DBAs

Oracle Official Documentation 12.1.0.2

• http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/NEWFT/chapter12102.htm

Oracle Learning Library (OLL)

• https://apexapps.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=44785:1:0

Articles about 12c

• https://oracle-base.com/articles/12c/articles-12c

“With more than 500 new features, Oracle Database 12c is designed to give Oracle customers exactly what they’ve told us they need for cloud computing, big data, security, and availability.”

JSON

OTN Article by Alex Zaballa

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/pt/articles/sql/json-oracle-database-12c-2378776-ptb.html

JSON

• Oracle Database 12.1.0.2 has now native support for JSON.

• “JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate.”

Source: http://json.org/

JSON

JSON

DEMO

Data Redaction

OTN Article in English by Alex Zaballa

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/database/data-redaction-odb12c-2331480.html

Data Redaction

• One of the new features introduced in Oracle Database 12c

• Part of the Advanced Security option• Enables the protection of data shown to the

user in real time, without requiring changes to the application

Data Redaction

Data Redaction

DEMO

SQL Query Row Limits and Offsets

SQL Query Row Limits and Offsets

SQL Query Row Limits and Offsets

Top-N Queries – Pré 12c

SQL Query Row Limits and Offsets

SQL Query Row Limits and Offsets

SQL Query Row Limits and Offsets

DEMO

PL/SQL From SQLwith function Is_Number (x in varchar2) return varchar2 is Plsql_Num_Error exception; pragma exception_init(Plsql_Num_Error, -06502); begin if (To_Number(x) is NOT null) then return 'Y'; else return ''; end if; exception when Plsql_Num_Error then return 'N'; end Is_Number;select rownum, x, is_number(x) is_num from t;

DEMO

Session Level Sequences

Session level sequences are used to produce unique values in a session. Once the session ends, the sequence is reset. Generating Primary Keys for a Global Temporary Table would be a field where those kinds of sequences could be used.

Session Level Sequences

CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 SESSION/

Session Level Sequences

ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_testSESSION;

ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_testGLOBAL;

DEMO

Temporary Undo

Global Temporary Tables (GTT) hold the data in a temporary tablespace. The data in GTTs are either deleted after commit or kept until the session is connected depending of the definition of the GTT.(ON COMMIT PRESERVE OR DELETE ROWS ).

DMLs in a Global Temporary Tables do not generate REDO, but generate UNDO and this will result in REDO generating.

Temporary Undo

alter session set temp_undo_enabled=true;

**you can change for the session or for the database.

DEMO

Statistics During Loads

The ability to gather statistics automatically during bulk loads: - CREATE TABLE AS SELECT - INSERT INTO ... SELECT into an empty table using a direct path insert

DEMO

SQL*Loader Express

• You don't need to to write and test a SQL*Loader control file.

• The benefit main is the savings for time and effort.

SQL*Loader Express

[oracle@oracle01 tmp]$ cat EMP_TEST.dat 1,Emp 12,Emp 23,Emp 34,Emp 45,Emp 56,Emp 67,Emp 78,Emp 89,Emp 9

SQL*Loader Express

[oracle@oracle01 tmp]$ sqlldr teste/teste TABLE=EMP_TESTSQL*Loader: Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jan 11 12:16:28 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Express Mode Load, Table: EMP_TESTPath used: External Table, DEGREE_OF_PARALLELISM=AUTO

Table EMP_TEST: 9 Rows successfully loaded.

Check the log files: EMP_TEST.log EMP_TEST_%p.log_xtfor more information about the load.

DEMO

Extended Data Types

SQL> create table table_test(column01 varchar2(4001));*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00910: specified length too long for its datatype

Extended Data Types

- VARCHAR2 : 32767 bytes- NVARCHAR2 : 32767 bytes- RAW : 32767 bytes

Extended Data Types

SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;STARTUP UPGRADE;ALTER SYSTEM SET max_string_size=extended;@?/rdbms/admin/utl32k.sqlSHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;STARTUP;

**Once you switch to extended data types you can't switch back

DEMO

READ Object Privilege and READ ANY TABLE System Privilege

What is the difference to SELECT and SELECT ANY TABLE?

READ Object Privilege and READ ANY TABLE System Privilege

SELECT and SELECT ANY TABLE provides the ability to lock rows:

LOCK TABLE table_name IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;SELECT ... FROM table_name FOR UPDATE;

READ Object Privilege and READ ANY TABLE System Privilege

SQL> grant select on scott.emp to teste;Grant succeeded.

SQL> lock table scott.emp in exclusive mode;Table(s) Locked.

READ Object Privilege and READ ANY TABLE System Privilege

SQL> grant read on scott.emp to teste;Grant succeeded.

SQL> lock table scott.emp in exclusive mode;lock table scott.emp in exclusive mode *ERROR at line 1:ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

DEMO

Invisible ColumnsCREATE TABLE table_test_inv( column1 NUMBER, column2 NUMBER, column3 NUMBER INVISIBLE, column4 NUMBER);

SQL> desc table_test_invName ----------------------------------------- COLUMN1 NUMBERCOLUMN2 NUMBERCOLUMN4 NUMBER

Invisible Columns

INSERT INTO table_test_inv (column1,column2,column3,column4) VALUES (1,2,3,4);

INSERT INTO table_test_inv VALUES (1,2,4);

Invisible Columns

SET COLINVISIBLE ON

SQL> desc table_test_invName ----------------------------------------- COLUMN1 NUMBERCOLUMN2 NUMBERCOLUMN4 NUMBERCOLUMN3 (INVISIBLE) NUMBER

Invisible Columns

ALTER TABLE table_test_inv MODIFY column3 VISIBLE;

WHY ?

You are preparing the changes on the database, but the application is not prepared yet.

Select * from …...

Insert into TABLE VALUES (......, ....., .....)

DEMO

SQL Text Expansion

SQL> variable retorno clobSQL> begin dbms_utility.expand_sql_text( input_sql_text => 'select * from emp', output_sql_text=> :retorno );end;

SQL Text Expansion

• Views• VPDs

DEMO

Multiple Indexes on the same set of Columns

Pre 12c:

ORA-01408: such column list already indexed error.

Multiple Indexes on the same set of Columns

Is the ability to create more than one index on the same set of columns in 12c.

**Only one of these indexes can be visible at a time

Multiple Indexes on the same set of Columns

Why would you want to do that?

• Unique versus nonunique

• B-tree versus bitmap

• Different partitioning strategies

DEMO

Partial Indexes for Partitioned Table

• You can create local and global indexes on a subset of the partitions of a table, enabling more flexibility in index creation.

• This feature is not supported for unique indexes, or for indexes used for enforcing unique constraints.

Partial Indexes for Partitioned Table

DEMO

Truncate Cascade

SQL> truncate table scott.dept;truncate table scott.dept *ERROR at line 1:ORA-02266: unique/primary keys in table referenced by enabled foreign keys

Truncate Cascade

SQL> truncate table scott.dept cascade;Table truncated.

The constraint should be ON DELETE CASCADE.

DEMO

Limit the PGA

SQL> show parameter pga NAME TYPE VALUE-------------------------- ------------- ----------------------pga_aggregate_limit big integer 2G

pga_aggregate_target ****

Limit the PGA

PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT is set to the greater of: - 2 GB (default value)- 200% of PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET- 3 MB times the PROCESSES parameter

Full Database Caching

Can be used to cache the entire database in memory. It should be used when the buffer cache size of the database instance is greater than the whole database size.

RMAN Table Recovery in 12c

RMAN enables you to recover one or more tables or table partitions to a specified point in time.

RMAN Table Recovery in 12c

RMAN> RECOVER TABLE HR.REGIONS UNTIL TIME "TO_DATE('01/10/2013 09:33:39','DD/MM/RRRR HH24:MI:SS')"AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/tmp/backups'

DDL LOGGING

DDL LOGGING

/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/log/ddl/log.xml

Direct SQL statement execution in RMAN

Pre - 12c:RMAN> SQL ‘SELECT sysdate FROM dual’;

12c:RMAN> SELECT sysdate FROM dual;

In-Database Archiving

SQL> create table table_test(column1 number) row archival;

insert into table_test values(1);insert into table_test values(2);insert into table_test values(3);

In-Database Archiving

In-Database Archiving

update table_testset ora_archive_state=DBMS_ILM.ARCHIVESTATENAME(1) where column1=3;

In-Database Archiving

alter session set row archival visibility=all;

Heat Map, Automatic Data Optimization and ILM

OTN Article in Portuguese by Daniel Da Meda and Alex Zaballa

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/pt/articles/database-performance/ilm-e-automatic-data-optimization-2601873-ptb.html

Heat Map, Automatic Data Optimization and ILM

• Heat Map: Oracle Database 12c feature that stores system-generated data usage statistics at the block and segment levels. Automatically tracks modification and query timestamps at the row and segment levels.

• Automatic Data Optimization (ADO): automatically moves and compresses data according to user-defined policies based on the information collected by Heat Map

• ILM: Heat Map and Automatic Data Optimization make Oracle Database 12c ideal for implementing ILM

Heat Map, Automatic Data Optimization and ILM

Enabling Heat Map

SQL> alter system set heat_map = on;

Heat Map, Automatic Data Optimization and ILM

Heat Map statistics can be viewed graphically through EM Cloud Control:

Heat Map, Automatic Data Optimization and ILM

Creating ADO policies

Compress the tablespace USER_DATA and all its residing segments at OLTP level after 30 days of low access:

ALTER TABLESPACE USER_DATA ILM ADD POLICYROW STORE COMPRESS ADVANCEDSEGMENT AFTER 30 DAYS OF LOW ACCESS;

Heat Map, Automatic Data Optimization and ILM

Creating ADO policies

Compress the table ORDER_ITEMS including any SecureFile LOBs at OLTP level after 90 days of no modification:

ALTER TABLE ORDER_ITEMS ILM ADD POLICYROW STORE COMPRESS ADVANCEDGROUP AFTER 90 DAYS OF NO MODIFICATION;

Session private statistics for Global Temporary Tables

Pre 12c, statistics gathered for global temporary tables (GTTs) were common to all sessions.

Session private statistics for Global Temporary Tables

On 12c, by default session-private statistics are enabled

SELECT DBMS_STATS.get_prefs('GLOBAL_TEMP_TABLE_STATS') FROM dual;

STATS------------------------------------------------------------------------------SESSION

Session private statistics for Global Temporary Tables

How to change?

Behavior pre 12c:BEGIN DBMS_STATS.set_global_prefs ( pname => 'GLOBAL_TEMP_TABLE_STATS', pvalue => 'SHARED');END;/

Back to default on 12c:BEGIN DBMS_STATS.set_global_prefs ( pname => 'GLOBAL_TEMP_TABLE_STATS', pvalue => 'SESSION');END;/

Session private statistics for Global Temporary Tables

How to change for one table?

BEGIN dbms_stats.set_table_prefs('SCOTT','GTT_TEST', 'GLOBAL_TEMP_TABLE_STATS','SHARED');END;

BEGIN dbms_stats.set_table_prefs('SCOTT','GTT_TEST', 'GLOBAL_TEMP_TABLE_STATS’,’SESSION');END;

DEMO

Identity Columns

CREATE TABLE tabela_teste ( id NUMBER GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, coluna1 VARCHAR2(30));

Identity Columns

CREATE TABLE tabela_teste ( id NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY, coluna1 VARCHAR2(30));

Multitenant

Fonte: Oracle Documentation

Multitenant

Fonte: https://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/entry/non_cdb_architecture_of_oracle

Multitenant

Fonte: https://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/entry/non_cdb_architecture_of_oracle

Multitenant

Fonte: https://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/entry/non_cdb_architecture_of_oracle

In-Memory

Fonte: Oracle Documentation

SIMD Vector Processing

Fonte: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/in-memory/overview/twp-oracle-database-in-memory-2245633.html

In-Memory

In-Memory Area – a static pool in SGA

In-Memory

Fonte: OracleBase.com

In-MemoryAlter table hr.EMPLOYEES inmemory;

ALTER TABLE sales MODIFY PARTITION SALES_Q1_1998 INMEMORY;

ALTER TABLE sales INMEMORY NO INMEMORY(prod_id);

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_test DATAFILE '+DG01 SIZE 100M DEFAULT INMEMORY;

In-Memory

Fonte: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/in-memory/overview/twp-oracle-database-in-memory-2245633.html

SQLcl

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/sql-developer/downloads/index.html

Thank You

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