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DNA
(DNA is a type of nucleic acid!)
Do you remember the four biomolecules?
lipids, protein, carbohydrates and...
•The goal of the cell is to make•Proteins make your traits.
proteins.
Proteins…Proteins…• Such as…
– hemoglobin: transport oxygen
– insulin: hormone; removes sugar from blood
– antibodies: fights infection
– lactase: enzyme; digests milk sugar (lactose)
– collagen: skin, bones, tendons
– keratin: skin, hair, nails
– myosin: muscle contraction
DNA= DeoxyribonucleicAcid
Location in cell: Nucleus
The nucleus contains
chromosomes which
contains DNA. DNA makes your genes.
Structure of DNA• 2 long strands of nucleotides in a spiral shape.
• Ladder-shaped when “untwisted”.
• The sides of the DNA “ladder” consist of alternating
(sugar) and
molecules.
Deoxyribose
Phosphate
• The rungs of the DNA “ladder” consist of
Nitrogen bases
DNA nucleotide• One nucleotide is one piece of DNA.
• Consist of three parts:–Deoxyribose (sugar)–Phosphate–Nitrogen base (A, T, C, G)
There are 4 possiblenitrogen bases in DNA:
(A)(T) (C)(G)
Adenine
Guanine
ThymineCytosine
Deoxyribose
(sugar)
PHOSPHATE
NITROGEN BASES (A, T, C, G)
Deoxyribose
(sugar)
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHATE
•adenine always pairs with•guanine always pairs with
thymine
cytosineThis is known as
complimentary base pairing.