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This technical workshop focuses on the current issues faced by the academic community, especially in Open and Distance Learning (ODL), with respect to searching for credible, relevant and academically useful open educational resources (OER). The workshop will cover four key aspects: (1) the current OER search dilemma; (2) the concept of metadata; (3) existing search methods; and (4) useful OER search tools. Among the topics covered will be the current problem within the context of OER search, the limitations of Google and native search mechanisms, federated search, semantic search, metadata standards and some large-scale solutions to the OER search dilemma. The last part of the workshop will introduce the OERScout search framework which uses text mining techniques and faceted search to recommend Desirable OER for teaching and learning.
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OER Curation and Search
The Issues at Hand
Conference WorkshopInaugural International Conference on
Open and Flexible Education (ICOFE 2014)
17th January 2014
Ishan Abeywardena MSc, MSc (Brunel), BSc (Bangalore), MIEEE, MBCS, MIET, MTA
Deputy Dean and Senior Lecturer School of Science and Technology
Wawasan Open UniversityPenang, Malaysia
Outline
• The Current OER Search Dilemma
• The Concept of Metadata
• Existing Search Methods
• Useful OER Sources
The Current OER Search Dilemma
Content repositoriesPortal repositories
Content and portal repositoriesMcGreal, R. (2010). Open Educational Resource Repositories: An Analysis. Proceedings: The 3rd Annual Forum on e-Learning Excellence, 1-3 February 2010, Dubai, UAE.
Curation
So…how do I find the material I need for my teaching?
Goo
gle
“Adv
ance
d Se
arch
” re
sults
for O
ER o
n Ch
emis
try
(24t
h M
ay 2
012)
Literature• ...The problem is in finding the resources, and more correctly finding the “right”
resources. Using a regular search engine like Google to find content is not always a viable option as it will generate too many answers. There is, hence, a need to easily find relevant content...” (Hatakka, 2009)
• “searching this way (using existing search engines such as Google) might be a long and painful process as most of the results are not usable for educational purposes” (Pirkkalainen & Pawlowski, 2010)
• No single search engine is still able to locate resources from all the OER repositories (West & Victor, 2011)
• One of the major barriers to the use and re-use of OER is the difficulty of finding quality OER matching a specific context (Dichev & Dicheva, 2012)
• “…the problem with open content is not the lack of available resources on the Internet but the inability to locate suitable resources for academic use” (Unwin, 2005).
Native search mechanisms perhaps?
Identify which material to look for (e.g. integration, C++ programming)
Identify the search queries (e.g. “undergraduate mathematics”)
Locate repository (word of mouth, some link somewhere, go to the more popular repositories)
Run multiple queries to find resources
Read each resource to identify the usefulness (openness, access, relevance)
Identify useful resources
Repeat steps 3-6 on multiple repositories (hundreds to thousands…..)
Native Search in Repositories
Locate repository (word of mouth, some link somewhere, go to the more popular repositories)
Run multiple queries to find resources
Read each resource to identify the usefulness (openness, access, relevance)
Identify useful resources
Frustrated??
i. Facilitate finding, retrieving and sharing of OER.
Encourage the development of user-
friendly tools to locate and retrieve OER that are
specific and relevant to particular needs.
(UNESCO Paris OER Declaration, 2012)
The Declaration
UNESCO. (2012). Paris OER Declaration, Retrieved September18, 2012 from http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/Events/Paris%20OER%20Declaration_01.pdf
How useful is a resource really?
Measures of usefulness
Openness
Accessibility
Relevance
Desirability
Less useful resources are less desirable for teaching and learning needs….
What is Desirability?
Concept of Metadata
Metadata
IEEE-LOMDCMI
Casali, A., Deco, C., Romano, A. and Tomé, G. (2013) 'An Assistant for Loading Learning Object Metadata: An Ontology Based Approach', Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects (IJELLO), vol. 9, p. 11.
LOM
DCMI
the DCMI resource model
Source: http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/ (29/08/2013)
http://creativecommons.org/tag/learning-resource-metadata-initiative
LRMI
However…the issue is
Existing Search Methods
Some Existing Solutions
• Federated Search: BRENHET2; OpeScout; Global Learning Object Brokered Exchange (GLOBE); and Pearson’s Project Blue Sky.
• Semantic Search: OER-CC ontology; the “Assistant” prototype; the “Folksemantic” project; and “Agrotags”.
Federated Search
Institution
Repos
Institution Institution
Repos Repos Repos Repos Repos
Organisation Consortium
Federation
User
Metadata
Apples
Processed Products
Nutrition
Varieties
Juice
Sauce Cider
McIntosh
Pink Lady
Honeycrisp
Disease Prevention
Fiber
Vitamins
Semantic Search
Yeah…but which one do I choose?
http://www.pearsonlearningsolutions.com/pearson-bluesky/
Faceted Search
OERScout
Useful OER Sources
Questions?
I will also be happy to answer your queries if you e-mail me via [email protected]
Thanks!
I acknowledge the support provided by
Dr K S Yuen, Chair of the conference organising committee; Dr K C Li, Vice-chair of the conference organising committee; and Open University of Hong Kong (OUHK)
by extending full sponsorship for may participation at the Inaugural International Conference on Open and Flexible Education (ICOFE 2014).
Acknowledgements
About…
Ishan AbeywardenaDeputy Dean and Senior Lecturer, School of Science and Technology, Wawasan Open University, Penang, Malaysia
• MSc in Wireless Enterprise Business Systems, Brunel University, UK.• MSc in Engineering Management, Brunel University, UK.• BSc in Computer Science, Bangalore University, India.• PhD Candidate in Computer Science, University Malaya, Malaysia. Areas of specialisation: text mining,
metadata, faceted search
Professional Member of– Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (MIEEE)– British Computer Society (MBCS)– Institution of Engineering and Technology (MIET)– Microsoft Technology Associate (MTA)
Official Profile: http://www.wou.edu.my/IshanAbeywardena.htmlProfessional Profile: http://www.linkedin.com/in/ishansaResearch Profile: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ishan_Abeywardena/Tech Blog: http://www.ishantalks.comE-mail: [email protected]
Media Sources• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Multimedia_icon.png/120px-Multimedia_icon.png • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nuvola_multimedia.png/120px-Nuvola_multimedia.png• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Open_Clip_Art_Library_Piggy_Bank.svg/120px-Open_Clip_Art_Library_
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