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Jessica Hale, Josh Bouma, Brent Vadopalas, Carolyn Friedman
University of Washington, SAFSNOAA, Mukilteo Field Station
Novel Tagging Methods in Pinto Abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana)
Previous Abalone Tagging Methods
• Adhered with adhesives (bee tags, plastic discs)
Puget Sound Restoration Fund
Previous Abalone Tagging Methods
• Adhered with adhesives (bee tags, plastic discs)
• Through respiratory pores (washers and rivets)
Previous Abalone Tagging Methods• Adhered with adhesives (bee tags, plastic discs)
• Through respiratory pores (washers and rivets)
• Unsatisfactory due to:
Ja
nna
Nic
hols
- Tag loss
- Encrustation
- Shell erosion
- Difficulty for divers tovisualize when cryptic
Successful Tagging Method
• Needs:
High retention
Low impact to animal
Detectable under field conditions
Passive Integrated Transponders (PITs)
• Individual IDs• Can be read without being visualized
• Behind substrate
• In aggregates
Methods• Biomark 9mm tags
• Trial 1: Late juveniles (n=40) age 3.5 years
• Trial 2: Juveniles (n=42) age 2 years
• Trial 3: Broodstock (n=33)
• Tracked:- Growth- Survival- Tag Retention
Trial 1: Late Juveniles
• 60 mm (range 40.1-75.5 mm)
• Outside shell
• Inside shell
• Injection into foot
Trial 2: Juveniles
• 20 mm (range 17.5 – 32.1 mm)
• Tagged inside shell
Trial 3: Broodstock
• Average 115 mm
• Tagged inside shell
Hypotheses
• Low survival in injected group due to hemophilia
• Low growth in injected group
• Abalone will deposit nacre over tag, as in pearls
• Nacre development will increase tag retention
controlinjectedoutside inside0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percent Tag LossPercent Mortality
Tagging Method
Perc
en
t T
ag L
oss
/Mort
al-
ity
Trial 1: Late Juveniles
controlinjectedoutside inside0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percent Tag LossPercent Mortality
Tagging Method
Perc
en
t T
ag L
oss
/Mort
al-
ity
Trial 1: Late Juveniles
P=0.109
controlinjectedoutside inside0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percent Tag LossPercent Mortality
Tagging Method
Perc
en
t T
ag L
oss
/Mort
al-
ity
*P<0.001
P=0.109
Trial 1: Late Juveniles
Tagged Control0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Net
Gro
wth
(mm
)
Trial 2: Juveniles
Tagged Control0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Net
Gro
wth
(mm
)
*P=0.006
Trial 2: Juveniles
Broodstock Late Juveniles Juveniles87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97Pe
rcen
t Tag
Ret
entio
n
Age Group Summary for PIT tags attached inside
Broodstock Late Juveniles Juveniles87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97Pe
rcen
t Tag
Ret
entio
nt= 168 days
t= 252 days
t= 84 days
Age Group Summary for PIT tags attached inside
Results• Survival
– Attaching PITs inside had the highest survival rate compared to injection and
application outside the shell in Trial 1
– No significant difference in survival among treatment groups (injected, inside,
outside) or between trials (juveniles vs late juveniles)
Results• Survival
– Attaching PITs inside had the highest survival rate compared to injection and
application outside the shell in Trial 1
– No significant difference in survival among treatment groups (injected, inside,
outside) or between trials (juveniles vs late juveniles)
• Tag Retention
– Attaching PITs inside had highest tag retention in Trial 1 (90%, n=9)
– Trial 2 had 91% tag retention, Trial 3 96%
– No significant difference in tag retention between Trial 1 and 2
Results• Survival
– Attaching PITs inside had the highest survival rate compared to injection and
application outside the shell in Trial 1
– No significant difference in survival among treatment groups (injected, inside,
outside) or between trials (juveniles vs late juveniles)
• Tag Retention
– Attaching PITs inside had highest tag retention in Trial 1 (90%, n=9)
– Trial 2 had 91% tag retention, Trial 3 96%
– No significant difference in tag retention between Trial 1 and 2
• Growth
– No significant difference in growth in tagged individuals in Trial 1
– Significantly lower growth in tagged individuals in Trial 2
Conclusions• PITs viable tagging method for adult and
late juveniles (possible size minimum)
• Possible uses with other shelled gastropods, possibly shellfish
Future Goals
• Finish development of reader, test in field• Evaluation of smaller Biomark tag (8.4mm) and
Nonatec tags (UK based, 6mm tags)
Reader• Underwater PIT reader exists
• Fully submersible reader under development
• Testing:– Read range
– Readability in aggregates & under substrate
Biomark
Thank you!
Funding: NOAA (SOC)Mukilteo Field StationWDFW ShewmakerPSRFSAFS
Contributions:
Friedman LabGlenn VanBlaricomTodd BennettKristi StrausPaul PleshaJordan Watson
Questions?