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At any given time it is easy to look back to see how technology has changed over time. At the same time it is difficult to see what transformations are taking place in current times, and even more difficult to see where things are going. In the late 19th century a revolution in science took off. It was easy to see the vast number of inventions and entrepreneurial sprit of the time. At the turn of the century it seems that everything had been invented. But with the rate of invention at the time, it was difficult to image what more could be invented. Yet, in the 20th century we saw more innovations and more technological advanced than in all history of mankind before that. Never in history have we seen such dramatic changes in the way people live and work. How can we understand what is happening? What is technology anyways? In this lecture we explore what to make of technology. We define the term we will use in the course. Terms defined are technology, product performance, and innovation to name few. These will be used in the context of the next chapters. Several examples are provided.
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Copyright © 2012, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
Lecture 02Study of Technology
“Everything that can be invented has been invented”
- Purportedly said by Charles H. Duell, Commissioner, U.S. Office of Patents, 1899
Copyright © 2012, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
ANTHROPOLOGY
Copyright © 2012, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson http://www.bordalierinstitute.com/images/brainEvolution.jpg
Evolution of the human brain
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Study of technological anthropology is not as advanced
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Evolution of technology is closely linked with the evolution of man
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REVOLUTION IN SCIENCE
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Alternating Current Power Plant at World's Fair, Chicago, 1893.
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Albert Einstein1879-1955
Revolution in Science
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special theory of relativity
model of the atom
discovery of the electron
theory of continental drift
nuclear chain reaction
discovery of the positron, neutron
big bang theory
quantum theory
uncertainty principle
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Complexity of Technology
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Copyright © 2012, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
Technology revolutions have this remarkable ability of being nearly invisible but yet so obvious right in front us.
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Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic
- Arthur C. Clark’s 3rd Law
Study Exercise
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What is Technology?
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What is Technology?
All technology was once new
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All technology was once new
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Is this technology?
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Technology in the 15th century
Technology in the 15th century
Source: www.pianoworld.com/gallery/piano_pictures2.htm Copyright © 2012, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
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Bartolomeo Cristofori1655-1731
Source: wikipedia.org
Piano Technology
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Copyright © 2012, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
Frédéric Chopin1810-1849
Nocturne Op. 9 No 2
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TechnologyTechne is greek for art or skillLogos is greek for word, speech
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The word “technology”was coined by Johann Beckmann (1739-1811), a German scientific author
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Kevin Kelly: What Technology Wants
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What is Technology?
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Copyright © 2012, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
Process by which an organization transforms labor, capital, material, and information into products and services of greater values
Technology
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Copyright © 2012, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
Copyright © 2012, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
Copyright © 2012, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
Copyright © 2012, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
The value you get out of a product for which you have paid some cost
Product Performance
30 Years of Product Performance
1977 Apple II $1,2984.000 bytes memoryMotorola 6502 1MHz
2007 iMac 17-inch $1,1991.000.000.000 bytes memoryIntel 2.0GHz
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Copyright © 2012 Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson 35
2000 2010
iMac iPhoneMac OS 9.0.4500 MHz PowerPC G3 CPU, 128MB MemoryScreen - 786K pixelsStorage - 30GB Hard Drive
iOS 4.01 Ghz ARM A4 CPU, 512MB MemoryScreen - 614K pixelsStorage - 32GB Flash Drive
Source: Ars Technical Images: Apple
Product Performance
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Copyright © 2012, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
The change in the technology
Innovation
Copyright © 2011, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
Innovation
Sustaining
Evolutionary
Revolutionary
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Disruptive
Innovation
Sustaining Technology – Evolutionary
An innovation that improves a product in an existing market in ways that customers are expecting
Copyright © 2011, Ólafur Andri Ragnarsson
Innovation
Sustaining Technology – Revolutionary
An innovation that creates a new market by allowing customers to solve a problem in a radically new way
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Innovation
Disruptive Technology
An innovation that creates a new (an unexpected) market by applying a different set of values
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Ford Model T
Innovation
Innovation
How does Innovation happens?