Network Cabling Infrastructure for Modern Security Systems

ANIXTER

Products.Technology.Services.Delivered Globally.

CABLING INFRASTRUCTURE SOLUTIONS FOR THE MODERN SECURITY SYSTEM

TOPICS

• Current trends and drivers• Infrastructures today and the benefit of standards• Cabling infrastructures for security systems• Key considerations of best practices and summary

05/01/2023 Proprietary and Confidential. © 2013 Anixter Inc. 2

ANIXTER


CURRENT TRENDSAND DRIVERS

05/01/2023Proprietary and Confidential. © 2013 Anixter Inc. 3

BUSINESS DRIVERS IN SECURITY SYSTEMS

• Increase safety, protection of assets and information, and speed of response

• Move from reactive toward predictive response• Integrate with other systems

• Provide additional operator control• Reduce costs of traditional systems• Preserve existing capital investment


TECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN SECURITY SYSTEMS

• Standardized structured approach– Modular, flexible implementation– Mainstream methods and practices

• Analog to digital migration– Digital allows better image management– Takes advantage of innovations of computer industry

• Network-attached device growth– Computer network connections are ubiquitous in business– Advantages seen across all industries


SECURITY AND TECHNOLOGY MARKETS MERGING

Security Function

IT Function

IT market

CommunicationNetworks

Surveillance Access Control

Security Market


• Scalability– Add devices wherever/whenever required (MAC)– Facilitate analog to digital and IP networked migration– Growth needs accounted for up front

• Manageability– Structured vs. unstructured approach to infrastructure– Remote management and control– Automatic alarm monitoring and troubleshooting– Good documentation and administration driven by Sarbanes Oxley– Centralization and consolidation of resources– Standards based

• Availability (24x7x365)– Minimal downtime– High-performance infrastructure and support systems

IT GOALS INFLUENCING SECURITY MARKET


ANIXTER


INFRASTRUCTURES TODAY AND THE BENEFIT OF STANDARDS


IT MIGRATION TO STRUCTURED CABLING

• Late ’70s to Early ’80s: Proprietary Computer Systems– Device home runs over coax and twinax cabling

• Mid ’80s: Structured UTP Systems Adapted all Systems to one Media– Star-wired devices and hubs interconnected by a common backbone

• Late ’90s to 2000s– Computerized and digitized video adapted to UTP infrastructure– Star-wired devices and hubs interconnected with a common backbone


ONE REASON STRUCTURED CABLINGBECAME THE IT NORM


Server Racks The cabling starts with a few connections . . .

And this is how it ends up . . .

• No defined cable paths

• Changes made at active equipment

• Problem determination difficult

• System growth can be impacted

Switch Racks

Storage

Source: IBM

TRADITIONAL (LEGACY) IT SYSTEMS


IT ORGANIZATIONS DEMANDEDINFRASTRUCTURE STANDARDS

• IT Needs– Thousands of devices to manage– Departments expect instant response – System uptime tied to IT availability– Moves, adds and changes ongoing– Revision control critical to support– Devices, networks, applications must interoperate

• IT Solution and Benefits: Corporate Infrastructure Standards– Consistent and enforceable industry-standard guidelines

• Performance and quality • Products, installation, maintenance and testing

– Internal training and support costs minimized


Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)– North American cabling infrastructure standards– UTP, fiber optic and coaxial systems– Building, campus and data center standards

International Organization of Standardization (ISO)– International cabling infrastructure standards– UTP, STP, SCTP, coaxial and fiber optic systems– OSI model of computer device interoperability

International Electrical & Electronic Engineers (IEEE)– International active network equipment standards– Computer devices and optical/electrical interfaces

to cabling systems– Ethernet transmission schemes (10,100,1000,10000 Mb)

STRUCTURED CABLING STANDARDS BODIES


TIA NORTH AMERICAN STANDARDS

• TIA/EIA-568– -B.1 – General cabling infrastructure requirements– -B.2 – Balanced twisted-pair cabling components– -B.3 – Optical fiber cabling components

• TIA/EIA-569, Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces• TIA/EIA-606-A, Administration for Commercial Telecommunications

Infrastructure• TIA/EIA-J-STD-607-A, Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding

Requirements for Telecommunications• TIA/EIA-942, Data Centers• Required and expected in IT environments


• IEEE – Globally Recognized 802.3 Ethernet Working Group

• Both copper and fiber media types• 10/100/1000BASE-T (Gigabit)• 10GBASE-T (10 Gbps over twisted pair)

• 802.3af Power over Ethernet Working Group PoE Plus is newest project to date

• Will benefit more markets with Power over Ethernet• Many applications not being served by current standard

• 802.11, Wireless Working Group 802.11b, 11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz 802.11g, 54 Mbps, 2.4 GHz 802.11a, 54 Mbps, 5 GHz

• Well known in IT environments

ETHERNET STANDARDS


STRUCTURED CABLING STANDARDSSYSTEM MEDIA AND COMPONENT STANDARDS

• Cable– Twisted-pair copper– Multimode fiber– Single-mode fiber– Coaxial cable

• Connectors• Outlets• Jacks• Patch panels• Patch cables• Raceways and pathways• Support products


BENEFITS OF STRUCTURED CABLING STANDARDSVOICE-VIDEO-DATA STANDARDS

• Many “utility” advantages• Easy moves, adds and changes• Support and training on one standardized

systemwhether voice, data or video • Efficient and cost effective• Predictable and repeatable performance

The Fourth Utility• Water• Power• Gas• Communications


BENEFITS OF STRUCTURED CABLING STANDARDS FINANCIAL SAVINGS

• A high percentage of network problems are cable related

– Sources estimate anywhere from 20 to 70 percent

• Troubleshooting cabling systems is extremely time-consuming and costly

• High-performance channels provide error-free infrastructure for real-time IP applications – Voice and video over IP

• IT organizations demand utility-grade reliability


Plannin

g

Consu

lting

Upgrad

ing

Admini

strati

on

Net Man

agem

ent

Fault M

anag

emen

t0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

IT Activity

BENEFITS OF STRUCTURED CABLING STANDARDS ADDRESSES INCREASING DENSITY ANDTHERMAL MANAGEMENT

• In Equipment Rooms, Headends and Data Centers– Added data and security cable density– Added equipment for redundancy

• Data center security requirements (tiers) based on IT uptime requirements

• Consolidation of security servers, video storage and management in data centers

• More power strips and cables • Affects thermal management of electronics

– “Airdams” and cabinet congestion

Following structured cabling standards increases equipment life and system availability!


• Pros– Baseband and broadband video

support– Easy termination– Good noise rejection if installed

correctly• Cons

– Lack of standards governing installation

– No laboratory or field testing procedures established

– No migration path to IP-based applications

– Increased pathway space required– Overall cost is high

SHIELD (signal ground)Typically 95% bare copper

or tinned copper braid

CENTER CONDUCTOR (+ signal)Typically solid copper for CCTV and

copper clad steel for CATV#22-20 AWG for RG59

#18 AWG for RG6#14 AWG for RG11

DIELECTRICCan be solid Nylon or Polyethylene Foam

TRADITIONAL COAXIAL CABLING


TWISTED-PAIR MEDIA

• Pros– Universally standardized for Ethernet

and IP-based applications– Supports baseband CCTV– Easy to test– Flexible, multiplatform support– Delivers power to Ethernet devices

• Phones, cameras, wireless access points

• Cons– Limited to 100 meters for IP-based

applications– Limited distance support for CCTV


• Categories of Twisted-Pair Media– Category 5e/Class D @ 100 MHz– Category 6/Class E @ 250 MHz– Augmented Category 6/Class EA @ 500 MHz– Class F @ 600 MHz– Class FA @ 1,000 MHz

• Minimum Category 6 recommended for CCTV and IP video applications• All components in the channel must meet the same performance rating for

the system to be effective

TWISTED-PAIR PERFORMANCE LEVELS


Same cladding diameterOnly core size differs

50 µm Vs. 62.5 µm

• Pros– Supports high data rates– Virtually unlimited distance support– Easy to test– Immune to EMI noise

• Cons– Cannot take advantage of Power over Ethernet (PoE)– Higher electronic costs when compared to copper– Installation more demanding


FIBER OPTIC MEDIA

WHY FIBER IN SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURES?

• Greatest bandwidth for all applications• Secure and difficult to tap• Immune to EMI/RFI• Easy to install and test• Performance improvements do not require infrastructure

changes, only electronics• Cable and connectivity solution for all applications


1. Entrance facilities2. Equipment room3. Backbone cabling

Within building Between buildings

4. Telecommunications room5. Horizontal cabling6. Work area

TODAY’S STRUCTURED IT INFRASTRUCTURE


Testing to stringent electrical and installation standards ensures utility-grade performance

ANIXTER


BEST PRACTICES AND CABLING INFRASTRUCTURES FOR SECURITY SYSTEMS


Headend Equipment

Similar to the IT networking worldCCTV cabling started with a few connections and ended up a mess• No defined cable paths• Problem determination difficult• Cable abandoned in walls and ceilings• System growth and business response impacted

Source: IBM

Muxes SwitchersCameras

TRADITIONAL (LEGACY) CCTV SYSTEMS


TRADITIONAL ANALOG VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM

• Pros– High-quality images– Latency not an issue– Good noise rejection

• Cons– Requires point-to-point wire connection– Difficult to troubleshoot large installations – No standardization for MACs– No audio capabilities– Distance limitations– Supplying systemwide power and good ground reference


STRUCTURED APPROACH TO ANALOG SYSTEMS

• Traditional Analog Systems– Use BNC patch panels whenever possible– Organize and consolidate home run in raceways and pathways– Labeling and documentation– Use IT friendly racks and cabinets for electronics– Multiple DVR storage and management options– Consider and recommend hybrid solutions where appropriate


KEY CONSIDERATIONS AND BEST PRACTICESALL SYSTEMS

• Utilizing Coax– BNC panels – Mini-coax, bundled cables, siamese, SpeedPull– Remove unused coax


NO PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR COAXIAL CABLING

• Camera and headend manufacturers specify that coax be used: – RG59 = 1,000 ft. B&W or 700 ft. for color– RG6 = 1,500 ft. B&W or 1,000 ft. for color– RG11 = 2,000 ft. B&W or 1,300 ft. for color

• Larger gauge sizes have lower signal loss

20 AWG

22 AWG

23 AWG

Standard Analog Video Cable RG-59


• Four types:– Screwing– Soldering– Crimping– Compression

• Crimping and compression BNC’s offer the best performance• More than 50 percent of CCTV problems can be related to bad or incorrect

termination• Precise terminations require precise tools

BNC TERMINATION AFFECTS PERFORMANCE


• Validate camera performance using IRE meter

• Test four basic performance levels:– Sync level = 40 IRE units +/- 5

– White level = 100 IRE units +/- 5

– High-white level = 120 IRE units +/- 5

– Color burst level = 40 IRE units +/- 5

KEY CONSIDERATIONS AND BEST PRACTICES FORTESTING ANALOG SYSTEMS


ANALOG/DIGITAL HYBRID SYSTEM

• Pros– Utilize existing infrastructure and cameras– Network monitoring

• Cons– Image degradation

• By adding connection points• By signal conversion

For hybrid systems, digital encoding should take place as close to the video source as possible


STRUCTURED APPROACH TO HYBRID SYSTEMS

• Layout Potential Migration Paths– From analog cameras to DVRs or video servers– From DVRs or video servers to network switches– UTP, fiber and wireless from network switches to management PC


TESTING HYBRID AND IP CABLING SYSTEMS

Qualify UTP cables for Ethernet

Troubleshoot performance faults

View wiremap faults graphically

Qualify coax for video/security

Troubleshoot coax continuity faults

Detect video signal on coax cables


ETHERNET AND IP SYSTEMS

• Pros– Video encryption available– Firewalls and security devices on the same network– No signal conversions– PoE

• Cons– Bandwidth concerns

• Shared or parallel networks?

– IP cameras investment– Additional education required


WHY NOT LEVERAGE IT INFRASTRUCTURESFOR SECURITY?

• Support for analog, digital and IP systems– Additional ports in wiring closets

• Adapt analog cameras• Plug in digital devices on either end as needed

– Access, monitor and manage from anywhere


Network ManagementCenter

Surveillance MonitoringCenter

Wiring Closets

UTP to Phones and Network Devices

UTP to Cameras and Remote Monitoring

Stations

Backbone Cabling

Backbone Cabling

Wall Outlets

Ceiling Outlets

Voice and Data

Video and Data

RUNNING CCTV OVER IT INFRASTRUCTURES


Analog

IPEthernet

Main Cross-Connect (MC) Intermediate Cross-Connect (IC)

Closet Connector HousingSM or MM ST-Compatible Connectors

Environmental Enclosure

Riser Cable

2-Fiber

Fanout Cable

PERIMETER SECURITY USING FIBER TOPOLOGY

• Pros– Untethered mobile access– Business flexibility – Standardized technology (IEEE)– Connects to structured cabling

infrastructure– Can utilize PoE for access points– Widespread use and growing– Innovative applications for

security market

• Cons– Limited bandwidth when compared

to a traditional “wired” infrastructure– Perceived security vulnerabilities

WIRELESS SYSTEMS


Parking Lot

Corporate Building

WIRELESS PERIMETER SECURITY

• Easily deploy cameras in multiple buildings or sites• Eliminate fiber trenching and save money• Easily expand the network as needed• Transmit high resolution images in real-time• Ensure unsurpassed reliability• Provide wired-equivalent security


ANIXTER


KEY CONSIDERATIONS BEST PRACTICES FOR ALL SYSTEMS


KEY CONSIDERATIONS AND BEST PRACTICESALL SYSTEMS

• Neat and manageable• Cable management labeling and documentation• Pay attention to thermal issues in racks and cabinets• Proper grounding and bonding• Use quality cable, connectors and installation materials • Test installed system


CABLE MANAGEMENT

Designed to facilitate growth, moves, adds, changes and troubleshooting

Standards provide guidelines for cable routing, dressing and neatness

Critical to providing scalability, reliability and availability


THERMAL MANAGEMENT

• Airflow within rack impacts component cooling

• Air moves between levels• Air stays between and around active

components• Facilitate front to back airflow


GROUNDING AND BONDING

• $500 million a year of damage to property and equipment due to lightning because of improper grounding

• 27 to 33 percent of damaged equipment is caused by electrostatic discharge

• IEEE states, the typical AC third prong earth is almost never sufficient to prevent damage to network equipment

• Poor grounding contributes to ground-loop interference


• Bond building steel and AC panels• At service entrance, also bond to electrical

entrance facility and telecommunications entrance facility

• Run TBB without splices• Use permanent (compression), two-hole lugs

on busbars

GROUND INSTALLATION PER ANSI/TIA/EIA-607

SUMMARY

• By following the structured approach you will:– Gain the trust and business of IT professionals– Differentiate yourself from other security dealers– Gain repeatable business– Sell yourself through value, not price– Provide security systems based on standards

telecommunications customers have come to expect


WHO IS ANIXTER?

Founded in 1957, our company vision is to be the global leader in providing high-performance product solutions and Supply Chain Services to the enterprise cabling, security, wire and cable, and fasteners markets.

What makes Anixter different?• Technical expertise

• Global distribution

• Product breadth and depth

• Supply Chain Services

www.anixter.com/security


https://www.anixter.com/en_us/solutions/security.html


THANK YOU.