Access Geography

Unit 2Lesson 1:

Introduction to Population

Learning Objectives:

• Feedback from Unit 1• Course outline• Define key population terms• Describe global distribution patterns• Analyse the factors• Describe population milestones

Unit 2

This follows naturally from the study of settlements.

• Look at patterns and trends in global population• Examine key statistical indicators• Examine different ways of representing these

statistics graphically• Show how these vary in countries with differing

levels of economic development• Explain the reasons for contrasts between these

countries• Look at migration patterns• Examine urban issues in developing and less

developed countries

Population key terms

• What are the key geographical concepts?• Time, space and scale• Population numbers, structures and

movements, change over time, space and scale

• Micro (local)• Meso (regional)• Macro (global)

Key terms

You need to match the 25 population terms to their

definitions

There are 25 of them

Population Density vs. distribution

Population density=Total number of people Area km2

Natural increase

- =NI

We are looking at the Crude birth rate and crude death rate so what will the units of N.I be?

The DTM

Economically active, Non active and dependant

population

Economically active

Economically non active

Dependant population

Dependancy ratio is the ratio between

A high dependancy ratio

A low dependancy ratio

Can you work out a dependency ratio

1. New Zealand total population 4,268,90023% less than 16 and 12% more than 65.What is there dependency ratio?

2. Here are some statistics on Japan’s population, What is their dependency ratio?

Replacement ratio

In MEDCsOn average each woman needs to have 2.1 childern to keep the population size the same

In LEDCs the number is more like 2.3

Why is there this difference?

Migration balanceThis the difference between the number

of people leaving (emigrants) and the number of people arriving (immigrants)

- = Migration Balance

Crude Birth and Death rates

• Crude rates tell you the number of births and deaths in a country per 1000 members of the population.

• This is essential if we want to know whether the population is growing or shrinking (Natural Increase)

BUT THEY CAN BE MISLEADING…

Hungary

Population: 10 millionBirths every year:9,900CBR=

Somalia

Population: 10 million

Births every year: 410,000

CBR=The Crude Birth rate does not give us a great picture of the number of children women are having in a country

Fertility rate gives us a better picture of how many children women are having at any one time in a country

Fertility rate for Hungary 1.3

Fertility rate for Somalia 6.1

World population density• This is a dot map to represent global population density and distribution.

What factors have influenced this distribution?

Construct a pie chart• Land makes up 30% of the earths surface• Of this, only 11% is habitable• So where does everybody live?• Where do they move from/to?• Use these stats to construct a pie chart:• 23% lacking minerals• 28% too dry• 11% habitable• 6% permafrost• 10% waterlogged• 22% soil too thin

What factors influence this distribution pattern?

Can we put them into two categories?

Discuss how each factor can influence distribution?

Population changes in time

• Populations are dynamic and constantly change over time and space. Population change is another example of an open system with inputs, processes and outputs.

births

immigrants emigrants

deathsNaturalchange

migration

Population milestones

• Estimated to be 500 million by 1650• First billion reached in 1802• Second billion in 1928 (after 126 years)• 3 billion in 1961 (33 years)• 6 billion in 1999 (a billion every 13 years)• In 2010 – estimated that worlds population was still growing

by 1.17% yearly

Population projections

Population division of the UNPredicted the world populationin 2050 will be:• 7.3m (low estimate)• 8.9m (medium)• 10.7m (high)• By that time one third of the worlds

population is likely to live either in India or China.

Home Study

1. Choose a country and produce a short summary of how its population is distributed

2. Attempt to produce an explanation of the influencing factors involved in the population density and distribution

This is due next Monday