National REDD strategy Vietnam

DYNAMICS OF FOREST RESOURCES AND DYNAMICS OF FOREST RESOURCES AND TENTATIVE VIETNAM REDD STRATEGYTENTATIVE VIETNAM REDD STRATEGY

Dr. Pham Manh CuongDr. Pham Manh CuongNational REDD Focal PointNational REDD Focal Point

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)(with the contribution of Tim Boyle - UNDP)(with the contribution of Tim Boyle - UNDP)

OverviewOverview

1. Forests and of forest dynamics in Vietnam

2. Implementation of REDD in Vietnam: The government point of view and the National REDD Strategy

I. I. Forests and of forest Forests and of forest dynamics in Vietnamdynamics in Vietnam

Hilly and mountainous regions account for ¾ of Hilly and mountainous regions account for ¾ of Vietnam’s total natural land;Vietnam’s total natural land;

Vietnam has coastal lines more than 3,000 km Vietnam has coastal lines more than 3,000 km long;long;

Most of the mountainous and coastal wetland Most of the mountainous and coastal wetland areas were formerly covered by a wide range of areas were formerly covered by a wide range of natural forests: tropical rain forest in most region, natural forests: tropical rain forest in most region, sub-tropical forest in the north and at high sub-tropical forest in the north and at high altitudes, mangrove forest along coastline, altitudes, mangrove forest along coastline, forests in peatland in the deltas;forests in peatland in the deltas;

Forests are home to over 20 million people, most Forests are home to over 20 million people, most of them belong to ethnic minority groups and they of them belong to ethnic minority groups and they are the poorest of the poor.are the poorest of the poor.

1.1 1.1 Brief introduction on fintroduction on forest in Vietnam

Forest cover has changed dramatically and dynamically Forest cover has changed dramatically and dynamically over the time and spaceover the time and space, especially from the country , especially from the country reunification in 1975 up to date; reunification in 1975 up to date;

Forest cover increased from 28% (1995) to 38% (2006) Forest cover increased from 28% (1995) to 38% (2006) BUT the changes are BUT the changes are not alwaysnot always in progressive and the in progressive and the same in all regions;same in all regions;

Forest expansion due to afforestation with fast growing Forest expansion due to afforestation with fast growing species, short rotation, one canopy layer and low carbon species, short rotation, one canopy layer and low carbon stock;stock;

Forest quality is continuously degraded: Area of primary Forest quality is continuously degraded: Area of primary forest reduced from 3.84 (1990) – 0.84 mill ha (2005) or forest reduced from 3.84 (1990) – 0.84 mill ha (2005) or 29 900ha/year;29 900ha/year;

1.2 Have deforestation & forest degradation occurred in Vietnam??

Forest cover changes

37 38.334.3

28.227.230

32.133.8

43

35.8 36.7

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1943 1976 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2005 2006

Pop

ulat

ion

(Mill

. per

s)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

For

est

cove

rage

(%

)

Population Rural pop. Forest cover

1.2 Examples of Deforestation & forest degradation

Jan 1987

Jan 2007Jan 2007

Feb 1997

Jan 2007Jan 2007

Natural deforestation in 1 District in the Natural deforestation in 1 District in the Central Highlands Central Highlands

Forest Cover (%)

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

1987 1997 2007

Forest cover (%)

Year

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

Loss 87-97 Loss 97-2007 Loss 87-2007

Tim e periodA

rea

(Ha)

Total area of district: 81.500 HaForest loss 1987-1997: 13.200 HaForest loss 1997-2007: 21.700 Ha

Conversion of forests into other land uses, especially Conversion of forests into other land uses, especially agriculturally and aqua-culturally cultivated land; agriculturally and aqua-culturally cultivated land;

Development of infrastructural facilities and construction of Development of infrastructural facilities and construction of hydro-power plants;hydro-power plants;

High population growth, resettlement, migration and poverty ; High population growth, resettlement, migration and poverty ; Increasing market demand for timber products and fuel wood;Increasing market demand for timber products and fuel wood; Inappropriate forest management and harvesting methods Inappropriate forest management and harvesting methods

(e.g. excessive timber logging); (e.g. excessive timber logging); Incomplete legal systems and lack of capacity to enforce the Incomplete legal systems and lack of capacity to enforce the

laws;laws; Corruption: legal but illegal!Corruption: legal but illegal!

1.3 Major driving forces behind the deforestation & FD in Vietnam

Land encroachmentLand encroachment

Timber import and export trends 1999-2005

It is estimated that VN wood processing industry will need 10-12 mill m3 of round-wood by 2010

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Rou

ndw

ood

equi

vale

nt v

olum

e(m

illio

n cu

bic

met

res)

FurnitureTimber

Source: based primarily on Comtrade

Imports Exports

(Excludes w ood chips and fuel w ood)

Conversion of forests into agriculturally Conversion of forests into agriculturally cultivated land in the Northcultivated land in the North

Conversion of forests into

commercial crops in the Central Highlands

Exploitation of Melaleuca forest (Peatland forest)

Conversion of peatland forests to agriculturally cultivated land and shriming farms causes huge CO2 emission and soil degradation

Conversion of Mangrove forest to shrimp Conversion of Mangrove forest to shrimp farms in Ca Mau Peninsular farms in Ca Mau Peninsular

II. II. REDD Implementation in Vietnam:The Government point of view The Government point of view and National REDD Strategyand National REDD Strategy

Vietnam has signed the UNFCCC in Nov. Vietnam has signed the UNFCCC in Nov. 1994 and the Kyoto Protocol in Sept. 2002;1994 and the Kyoto Protocol in Sept. 2002;

UNCBD, UNCCD, RAMSAR, etc.UNCBD, UNCCD, RAMSAR, etc. It is considered as one of the country’s It is considered as one of the country’s

obligation to implementation of the UNFCC obligation to implementation of the UNFCC and other MEAs; and other MEAs;

Not only adaptation but also mitigation Not only adaptation but also mitigation activities;activities;

2.1 International Commitments

VN is one of the 5 most adversely CC affected countries. VN is one of the 5 most adversely CC affected countries. Response to climate change has attracted great attention Response to climate change has attracted great attention from Party and Gov of Vietnam;from Party and Gov of Vietnam;

REDD implementation contributes directly and REDD implementation contributes directly and significantly to Vietnam SDA (Agenda 21);significantly to Vietnam SDA (Agenda 21);

REDD implementation directly contributes to the REDD implementation directly contributes to the implementation NTP and AP to response to climate implementation NTP and AP to response to climate change of MARD; change of MARD;

Development of R-PIN to apply for WB FCPF;Development of R-PIN to apply for WB FCPF; Letter of Interest to the UN-REDD;Letter of Interest to the UN-REDD; REDD will require a new level of forest REDD will require a new level of forest

governance – re-framing forest policy in CC governance – re-framing forest policy in CC context and capacity buidlingcontext and capacity buidling

2.2 Policies and key actions

It is trans-boundary, multi-sectoral prog; requires the wide and It is trans-boundary, multi-sectoral prog; requires the wide and active participation of various stakeholders;active participation of various stakeholders;

REDD policies: national-based (programmatic) approach to avoid REDD policies: national-based (programmatic) approach to avoid in-country leakage in-country leakage BUT also accepts project–based option for BUT also accepts project–based option for first period (learning by doing); first period (learning by doing);

Under umbrella of the NTP and MARD’s AP;Under umbrella of the NTP and MARD’s AP; Utilization of existing institutional structure and platforms: MARD Utilization of existing institutional structure and platforms: MARD

ISG, FSSP with close cooperation with MONRE; ISG, FSSP with close cooperation with MONRE; Mobilization of all potential resources: Gov, donors, private sector Mobilization of all potential resources: Gov, donors, private sector

and local communities with the integration into existing socio-and local communities with the integration into existing socio-economic development progs and strategies;economic development progs and strategies;

A combination of market-based and non-market based A combination of market-based and non-market based mechanisms;mechanisms;

Country-led program but needs support from international donor Country-led program but needs support from international donor community;community;

Result of pilot studies will amend to current PES policies;Result of pilot studies will amend to current PES policies;

2.3 VN View of Point on REDD Prog.

2.4 National REDD Strategy

Objective: to reduce emission from deforestation and forest degradation and promote socio-economic development and poverty alleviation in the forestry areas through sustainble management of existing natural forests and facilitate reforestation (naturally regeneration and forest plantations)

Strengthen FM and reforestation: 14.3 mill ha in 2010 (43%) – 16.24 mill ha 2020 (47%);

Afforestation: 1.0 mill. (2006-2010);1.5 mill ha in 2011-2020;

Wood production: 20-24 mill m3/year;

Proposed Components of the national REDD Strategy

Reference scenario formulation

Establishment of national REDD strategy

Development of transparent C-stock monitoring/ verification system and data management

Design of payment system

Engagement with stakeholders at a various levels (stakeholder dialogues)

Report, review, evaluate, and learn from system performance

Components of the national REDD regime

REFERENCE SCENARIO FORMULATION

Historical trends in forest cover and deforestation analyzed

Forecast of development trends

Baseline survey of forest cover

Stakeholder consultations

Reference scenario of forest cover

Components of the national REDD Strategy

REFERENCE SCENARIO FORMULATION

Historical trends in forest cover and deforestation analyzed

Forecast of development trends

Baseline survey of forest cover


Reference scenario of forest cover

Development of C-stock norms and models

Reference scenario of forest C-stocks


REDD STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT

Identification of deforestation/ degradation drivers

Socio-economic analysis of drivers

Policy/institutional analysis of drivers

Mapping of deforestation/ degradation change data


Identification of REDD priorities


C-STOCK MONITORING, ASSESSMENT & VERIFICATION

Analyze M&V methodology options and select optimum consistent with IPCC GPG

Capital investment

Training and institutional capacity development

Collection of remotely sensed dataEstablishment

of sample plot system

Initial C-stock data collection

Establishment re-sampling system

Relate to reference scenario of forest C-stocks

National Steering Committee (MONRE, MARD, other line National Steering Committee (MONRE, MARD, other line ministries) to respond to CC chaired by Prime Minister;ministries) to respond to CC chaired by Prime Minister;

MARD’s SC committee for AP chaired by Minister;MARD’s SC committee for AP chaired by Minister; Ad-hoc REDD Technical Working Group chaired by DOF Ad-hoc REDD Technical Working Group chaired by DOF

and co-chaired by a donor in rotational basis;and co-chaired by a donor in rotational basis; CC Network among Gov and NGOs chaired by CARE;CC Network among Gov and NGOs chaired by CARE; National and (3) regional technical workshops: UNDP, National and (3) regional technical workshops: UNDP,

George Washington Univ, Queensland Univ - RECOFTC;George Washington Univ, Queensland Univ - RECOFTC; CC- Public and private partnership (Ford Foundation);CC- Public and private partnership (Ford Foundation);

Institutional arrangement and consultation processes

Re-planning and re-zoning forest categories:Production forest: 8.34 mill ha of which 4.15 ha of

forest plantations, 30% FA receives FSCProtection forest: 5.68 mill haSpecial-use forest: 2.16 mill ha ;

Accelerate and finalize the Forest land allocation and forest leasing. By 2010: all forests are allocated to HHs & economic entities; By 2020: permanent real forest estate;;

National FIMAP and NMS for NR&E;National FIMAP and NMS for NR&E; Pilot study: Winrock Inc (USAID), Japanese Ministry Pilot study: Winrock Inc (USAID), Japanese Ministry

of AF;of AF; Implementation of national PES policy; Implementation of national PES policy;

Some technical activities

Landsat TMAcquired date : 17 - 10 - 2001Forest Type: closed evergreen broadleaved forestLocation: Kon Ha Nung - Gia LaiAltitude : 1,480mDescription: Dark brown color, homogenous structure, fine texture Distribution: far away from residential areas and paved roads.

Field PhotoForest type: closed evergreen broadleaved forest (IIIA3)Location: Kon Ha Nung Forest EnterpriseCrown cover: 0,8Tree composition: Sen, Hoang dan, Gioi, Re, Thong nangForest parameters: H = 19m, G = 19m2

, D = 27 cm, M = 200 - 230 m3

Improvement in forest use rights and participation of indigenous people in FM


DESIGN OF PAYMENT SYSTEM

Identification of REDD stakeholders/ beneficiaries

Agreed allocation framework


Design of payment mechanism

Analysis of legal, policy and institutional arrangements required for C-credit trading

Analysis of legal, policy and institutional arrangement required for transfer payments


ENGAGEMENT WITH VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS

REDD mainstreamed into key national planning documents

REDD awareness raising

Refinement and endorsement of REDD priorities at provincial/ district level

REDD trainingREDD payment

mechanism

Stakeholder consultationsNational REDD

strategy

Baseline surveys


REPORTING &MONITORING PERFORMANCE

National and local REDD strategies

Payment mechanism

C-stock assessments


Change data

Payment data

Assessment of performance

Result Target Assumptions

Outcome 1: Scientifically valid and stakeholder endorsed reference scenario

By the end of 2009, C-stock reference scenario established

Outcome 2: National REDD strategy with multi-stakeholder endorsement

C-norms and models can be developed in time

Stakeholders views not too divergent

By the end of June 2009, a national REDD strategy is adopted

Analyses have correctly captured D&FD dynamics

Outcome 3: etc., etc.

Component Inputs required

Partner comparative advantage

C-stock verification

Capital investment

Training

Survey

Selection of methodology

Payment mechanism, etc.

UN-REDD/ FCPF

JICA

UN-REDD

JICA, FAO

Matrix of REDD activities: to enhance Matrix of REDD activities: to enhance effectiveness and avoid overlap & redundancy effectiveness and avoid overlap & redundancy

GTZ, USAID, FCPF, …

Thank you very much for your attention!

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Technology

National REDD strategy Vietnam