National GeoSpatial Technology Development System

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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System

15th, Oct 2012.

Sanghee SHIN([email protected])

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South Korea became an aging society in 2000 §  It is expected to become an aged society in 2018 §  It is expected to become an aged society in 2018

Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])

NSDI Contents

1.  Concepts 2.  Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances 3.  Technology Development Models 4.  Korean Cases 5.  Market SituaLons 6.  Open Source GIS 7.  Strategies and RecommendaLons 8.  Conclusions

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1. Concepts

“ ”

Increasing the fluidity of GeoSpa#al technology and informa#on flows among people, enterprises and ins#tu#ons.

è To enhance innovative performance and overall competitiveness.

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R&D Process

Inputs -  R&D Fund -  Human

Resources

Outputs -  Patents -  Publications

è ‘Linear Model of Innovation’ that more focus on Inputs & Outputs.

2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances §  TradiLonal Approach

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Linear Model

Basic Research

Explore New Ideas

Idea Evaluation

Design, Develop,

Test Producing Marketing

R&D Characteristics

High Cost Uncertainty

High Risk

2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances §  TradiLonal Linear Approach

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2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances §  Low R&D Success Rate

Total R&D Investment 100%

Failed R&D 60% Commercialized R&D 40%

Profitable 60%

Non-Profitable 40%

§ Only 40% of R&D Projects is commercialized in spite of high R&D investment

§  In total only 24% of R&D Projects make a penny § R&D success rate has continuously been lowered down due to

shortened life cycle of products & technology

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2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances §  R&D Cost Curve

• Source : Osawa and Miyazaki, 2006

R&D Valley of Death Sea of Darwin

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2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances §  Changes on R&D Model

Universities

National R&D

Center Enterprises

R&D Process

è Interactions among actors involved in technology development are as important as investments in R&D

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Research Development

Research

Development Business

From traditional R&D model

To D&B Model

Connect

Business

2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances §  Changes on R&D Model

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3. Technology Development Models §  Closed Models

Technology Innovation

New Technology

New Product

Revenue & Profit

Increase

Increased R&D

Investment

Inside R&D Ecosystem

• Source : Henry Chesbrough, 2003

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3. Technology Development Models §  Closed Models

Closed

Leverage own knowledge

§ Designed and developed by nation inside

§ Leverage inside knowledge, intellectual property, experiences

§ Idling knowledge, limitations of leveraging outside knowledge

In-House Development

è What if we don’t have enough resources, knowledge, and experiences to do own closed innovation?

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3. Technology Development Models §  Open Models

End of Knowledge Monopoly Era 1

Mobility of Skilled Person & Technology 2

Increased R&D Cost and Shortened Life Cycle 3

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Internal Resources

External Resources

Quick & Efficient

Development

è  Leverage smart people inside & outside of the nation!

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Open

Leverage others knowledge too

§ Designed and developed with other outside partners

§ Inside knowledge + outside knowledge

§ Cost reduction, increase innovation capabilities, shortened response time to market change

Collaborative Development

è Still need human resources or capabilities to coordinate inside & outside knowledge

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4. Korean Cases §  R&D Investment by NGIS Plan

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

In Million KRW

1st NGIS : 18.5M US$

2nd NGIS : 20.0M US$

3rd NGIS : 144.7M US$

Total 183.2M US$

è Vision : Development of world class GeoSpatial technology and new growth engine

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4. Korean Cases §  Goal of Technology Development at each NGIS Phase

Phase I - Mapping Technology - DBMS Technology - General GIS SW

Phase II - 3D GIS - High Resolution Remote Sensing SW

Phase III - Intelligent Land Information SW - Ubiquitous GIS

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4. Korean Cases §  Projects & Outcomes of Technology Development at NGIS Phase I

Title Period Institution in Charge

1. DBMS Independent GIS Basic S/W - GIS API Development - GIS Analysis S/W Development - GIS Operation S/W Development - GIS User Interface Technology Development

1995 ~

1999

Ministry of Science and Technology

2. Mapping Technology Development - Data acquisition and modification S/W development - Data processing and three-dimensional topographic S/W development - Map printing and map design automation S/W development

3. DB Tool - Spatial object management system development - Spatial object storage system development - RDBMS Interface development - OODBMS Interface development

4. GIS System Integration - System integration development - GIS advanced technology monitoring and spread - Public facility management GIS application software development - GIS data editing and integrated management technology development - Internet environment three-dimensional spatial analysis S/W development

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4. Korean Cases §  Projects & Outcomes of Technology Development at NGIS Phase II


1. Open GIS component technology development 1999~ 2001

Ministry of Information

and Telecommunic

ation

2. 3-dimensional GIS S/W technology development 2000~ 2002

3. High-precision satellite image processing technology development 2001~ 2003

4. Spatial information(4S)-connected technology support business 2001~ 2003

5. Multi-sensor spatial image information integration technology development 2004~ 2006

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4. Korean Cases §  Projects & Outcomes of Technology Development at NGIS Phase III


1. Spatial information infrastructure innovation

2006 ~

2010

Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs

2. Real-time territory monitoring

3. Establishment of intelligent urban space information infrastructure

4. Realization of safe and convenient construction space

5. Induction of u-GIS standard and technology

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4. Korean Cases §  Applied Strategies to Develop GeoSpaLal Technology

GeoSpatial Technology

Development

1. Utilizing Foreign Technology

2. Develop Own Technology

3. Mid Entry Strategy

: ESRI, Intergraph, Etc.

: Mapping, DBMS, Etc

: Purchasing GOTHIC SW

è Still around 70% of Korean GIS market is dominated by foreign technologies such as ESRI, Intergraph

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Government

Company Research Inst. University

Research Fund RoyalLes

Market & Customers

Products & Tech Selling Revenue & Profits

•  Source : Byungnam Choe, 2011

4. Korean Cases §  Ideal & Planned GeoSpaLal Technology Development System in Korea

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4. Korean Cases §  Reality of Current GeoSpaLal Technology Development System in Korea

Government

Research Institute

University Company

X X Lack of flow Lack of flow

Hard to find outcomes of R&D

No update & further development after R&D

GeoSpatial Market – How to respond to the Market?

Short-term based

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4. Korean Cases §  ImplicaLons of Korean GeoSpaLal Technology Development System

Closed R&D System - Try to develop almost all the technologies by itself.

1

University & Research Inst. Centric - Heavily rely on traditional linear downstream R&D model.

Ambiguous R&D Goal -  Not clear whether it is R&D or D&B. Need to set clear goal.

2

3

Need to leverage outside technology and resources to respond to fast changing market circumstances.

Need to engage more enterprises’ request and enterprise itself in development system.

Need to address R&D and D&B separately. R&D for basic research and D&B for commercialization.

Implications

Need to set up platform to increase the flow of knowledge and dissemination of technology during & after R&D.

Hard to Reuse R&D Outcomes -  After R&D project period, finding & reusing R&D outcomes is difficult.

4

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5. Market Situa#ons §  Current Market SituaLons

§  2.2B US$ revenue(2010) company in Sweden §  Merged ERDAS(ER-Mapper included), Intergraph, Leica Geosystems, GeoMax §  Most powerful competitor against ESRI

§  Recorded 0.8B US$ revenue(2010) §  Around 40% of GIS SW market share. Unofficially affected around 70% market directly

and indirectly(Wikipedia) §  350,000 customers, world wide dealer network around 80 countries, 2,200 partners

§  Boom-up of Open Source GIS §  Advent of commercial open source GIS companies like OpenGeo, Simple Geo §  Active adoptions in North America, EU and UN §  OSGeo foster and promote open source GIS world widely

§  Autodesk and Bentley changed its target market from general GIS SW to domain specific niche market

§  Autodesk, Bentley focus more on CAD, Utility, Engineering, Infrastructure market

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5. Market Situa#ons § Market Growth Trends(Past)

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5. Market Situa#ons §  Market Growth Trends(Future)

§  CAGR(Cumulative Annual Growth Rate) of next 5 years from 2010 will be 10.5% §  Government, Public, and Utility sector will drive growth. Smart Grid, Insurance, Real Estate, Retail will be

new emerging market §  India, China and Brazil will be the power train of market growth

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6. Open Source GIS §  Understanding the CharacterisLcs of GIS

§  GIS = Vertical Set of Many Software •  Interoperability is very crucial among components •  Linux, Apache, PHP are Horizontal based Software •  GIS is Vertical Architecture based one from DB to web client

§  GIS as Public Infrastructure = Spatial Data Infrastructure •  Vendor neutral, standard based architecture is very important •  Active standardization by ISO, OGC

§  GIS as Lego Block •  Active implementation of “Standard Compatibility” •  Various GIS SW can be used at the same time by leveraging “Standard”

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6. Open Source GIS §  Understanding the CharacterisLcs of GIS

Data

DBMS

Server

Middleware

Interface

Client

Map Image DEM

Oracle PostgreSQL

ArcServer ArcSDE GeoServer MIP

ArcTMS TMS GeoWebCache

WMS WFS WCS CSW

ArcMAP Google Earth QGIS Web

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6. Open Source GIS §  Open Source GIS is GIS SW that source code is opened to the public

Freedom Of

Software

Freedom of

Redistribute

Freedom of

Modify

Freedom of

Copy

Freedom of

Use

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6. Open Source GIS §  Benefits of Open Source GIS

Develop the society by sharing technology & outcomes!!

1. Technological Aspects

2. Economical Aspects

3. Business Aspects

4. Other Aspects

Rapid development of high-class SW Increased stability by skilled community review Reduce technological gap to leading proprietary SW company Internalize outside SW developer resources

Very low adoption cost Reduce SW development cost Easy to customize Reuse successful story

Extend company’s products portfolio Open up new market by providing diversified services & products Improve brand image of company

Reduce energy Self-Satisfaction Help society

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6. Open Source GIS §  Current State and Necessity of Open Source GIS

ü  Boom-up of Open Source & Open Source GIS - Around 300 ~ 400 Open Source GIS projects are available (Freegis.org, 2011) ü  Advance of Open Source GIS - OSGeo Foundation : Commercial proprietary GIS SW can be replaced with Open Source GIS - Google used Open Source based GDAL in its Google Earth program - AutoDesk opend the source code of MapGuide, FDO & MetaCRS and then donated those to OSGeo - ESRI actively used GDAL and also changed its ArcGIS GeoPortal Server to Open Source based one ü  Active adoption of Open Source GIS in UN, EU, USA , Canada and other countries

Current State

ü  Want to meet lots of needs of GIS from public sectors ü  Want More with Less!! ü  Want to replicate other people & institution’s experience ü  Want to manage & modify the system by ourselves!!

Necessity

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6. Open Source GIS §  Open Source GIS as SubsLtute for Proprietary GIS

ArcReader

ArcMap/ArcGIS

ArcINFO/ArcGRID

ArcPad

ArcSDE

ArcIMS

ArcGIS Server

VB, Python

uDig, GRASS, gvSIG, QGIS, OSSIM

uDig, GRASS, gvSIG, QGIS, OSSIM

GRASS, OSSIM, SEXTANTE

gvSIG mobile

PostGIS

Mapserver, GeoServer, DeeGree

GRASS, SEXTANTE

PHP, Python, Perl, C#.net, etc…

Viewing

Cartography

Analysis

Devices

Database

Web

Spatial Server

Scripting

•  Source : Prof. Kwangwoo Nam

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6. Open Source GIS §  Open Source GIS based Enterprise GIS Architecture

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6. Open Source GIS §  Geo Bolivia Pursuing Open Source GIS based NSDI

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6. Open Source GIS §  Hybrid Model by Mixing Proprietary & Open Source GIS

EU : INSPIRE

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6. Open Source GIS §  IGN, France

è  Managing more than 100M spatial entities using PostGIS

http://www.ign.fr

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6. Open Source GIS §  OpenStreetMap

è  OSM is made & published by people’s participation!!

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“Know the enemy and know yourself; in a hundred bacles you will never be in peril.”

- ‘The Art of War’ by Sun Tzu

Demand Survey from Various Stakeholders 1

Value Chain Analysis 2

Feasible GeoSpatial Technology Development Test 3

7. Strategies and Recommenda#ons §  To Check Current SituaLons

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7. Strategies and Recommenda#ons §  Demand Survey

GIS

Geodesy Cartog

raphy

Survey

Land

Mining

Health Agriculture

Environment

Climate

Tourism

Military

•  Many Stakeholders •  Reflect Nation’s Major Interest •  Various Demands •  Limited Resources

è  To synthesize, review and prioritize the technology development

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7. Strategies and Recommenda#ons §  Value Chain Analysis

A. Data Capture Data Processing

B. Management Distribution

C. Analysis Prediction

D. Service Consuming

è To assist in pinpoint the mismatches between demands and technology development

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7. Strategies and Recommenda#ons §  Feasible GeoSpaLal Technology Development Test

GeoSpatial Technology

Development

1. Utilizing Foreign Technology

2. Develop Own Technology

3. Mid Entry Strategy

: ESRI, Intergraph, Etc.

: Domain Specific

: Using Open Source GIS

è Need to consider the each nation’s major interest, goal, human resources, capabilities

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7. Strategies and Recommenda#ons §  Mapping the PrioriLes and Strategies

Surveying Mapping Natural Resources Agriculture IT Centric

Proprietary

Open Source

Own Development

Hybrid

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Engage Various Stakeholders -Hear more from stakeholders using survey, interviews and meetings

1

Demand Centric

Divide R&D and D&B -Pinpoint the mismatches between demand and policy

3

Systematic Approach -Need to avoid linear downstream approach -Need to engage more enterprises

2

Try to diffuse and disseminate knowledge & technology among actors!!

8. Conclusions

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Developing Countries • Limited skilled human resources

• Limited R&D funds

• Small GIS companies

• Unable to target all the fields

• High dependency on proprietary GIS

Overcome Strategies • Leverage outside free resources

• Active adoption of Open Source GIS

• Foster Open Source GIS professionals

• Reduce the dependency on proprietary GIS

• Reduce GIS SW cost using Open Source GIS

Open Source GIS Strategy 8. Conclusions

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Focus Strategy

Targeting Niche Market

Value Adding around Technology

1

2

§ Every country has its own unique invisible assets § Find niche target market that could leverage nation’s resources § Focus resources on the niche market

§ Not only technology create values § Shared knowledge among actors around specific domain could create another values § Ecosystem around specific domain will diffuse the embodied technology

8. Conclusions

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Thank you

Q&A