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Meeting global energy needs - how nanomaterials can change the world By Ciarán C. Murphy Head of Product Management , Malvern InstrumentsJune 2014
Contents
› Why the interest in energy nanomaterials investment?
› Nanomaterials energy value chain
› Technology developments and characterization challenges Batteries Fuel cells Solar cells
› Nanomaterial characterization techniques
Energy drivers
› Increased energy use & depletion of fossil resources
› Move to cleaner energy solutions
"We will have to get that additional energy from
sources other than hydrocarbons — and
nanotechnology holds the answer"
› Mitigate security of supply issues
› Storage of energy
› Demand of consumer electronics
Energy value chain
› Nanomaterials offer great promise for renewable energy technologies
› Energy sources Photovoltaics
› Energy change Fuel cells
› Energy distribution CNT power lines
› Energy storage Batteries
› Energy usage Thermal insulation
German chemicals producer Wacker has developed flexible solar cells
Solar cells › Estimated market size for Nanomaterials
2015: $630 million 2020: $1.8 billion
› Nanomaterials utilsed in PV cells Semiconducting polymers and oligomers Conducting nanomaterials Metal oxides
› Nanomaterials find applications as Nanostructured thin film layers Graphene electrodes TiO2 nanoparticles in dye solar cells Quantum dots for bandgap tuning ZnO for transparent conductors (shown)
Image courtesy NREL
Image: courtesy Sandia National Laboratories
Battery market potential › Market potential
2010 ($10bn) to 2020 ($60bn)
› Market drivers Cell phones, digital products, cars, etc
› Needs Store and supply more electricity and
increased range
› Li-ion batteries Higher energy density Good low temperature performance Long shelf life
› Nanomaterials in development Carbon nanotube electrode Lithium air carbon Lithium Silicon Sulfur-graphene oxide Germanium oxide used in anode
applications
Fuel cells
› Expected in medium and long term to replace a large part of the current combustion systems
Higher efficiency Lower pollution levels Potential cost levels
› In the next decade ~ $100bn spent on fuel cell technology
› Nanomaterials in fuel cells SOFC enhancing ion conductivity PEM enhancing temperature stability
Nanomaterials characterization › Nanomaterials critical parameters
Sizing • Increased surface area for interaction • Reducing cathode and anode spacing
Polydispersity • Robustness in performance
Formulation stability • Shelf prior to application / usage
Concentration
› Nanomaterial characterization techniques Dynamic Light Scattering / Electrophorectic Light
Scattering Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis Resonant Mass Measurement
Summary of techniques Technique Size range Resolution Speed of
analysisConcentration
DLS 1 nm to 1 µm Moderate Very fast High
Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA)
30 nm to 1 µm Good Fast Medium
Resonant mass measurement(RMM)
50 nm to 1 µm or300 nm to 5 µm
Excellent Slow Low
Further details: [email protected]
Please visit bit.ly/MInanoenergy to view a recording of the complete version of this presentation, with more in-depth discussion of characterization techniques.