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This presentation is designed to assist Developers, Architects and DBAs in navigating the complex waters of HA. It presents: - Methodology for selecting the right HA solution to meet SLAs; Tour of the leading certified HA solutions for MySQL; Operational best practices to implement and support HA.
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Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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MySQL Solutions for High Availability Mat Keep MySQL Product Management
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The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is
intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated
into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code,
or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing
decision. The development, release, and timing of any features or
functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole
discretion of Oracle.
Safe Harbor Statement
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Program Agenda
§ Causes, Effects and Impacts of Downtime
§ Methodology to Select Right HA Solution
§ Guided Tour of MySQL HA Solutions
§ Operational Best Practices
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40% DATA GROWTH PER YEAR
5.9BN MOBILE SUBS IN 2011
1 BILLION iOS & ANDROID APPS DOWNLOADED PER WEEK
85% HANDSETS SHIPPED WITH A BROWSER
$1TR BY 2014
$700BN IN 2011
2.1BN USERS
8X DATA GROWTH IN 5 YRS
70+ NEW DOMAINS EVERY 60 SECONDS
350m TWEETS PER DAY
955M USERS
20M APPS PER DAY
60 HOURS UPLOADED EVERY
MINUTE
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ELASTIC SCALABILITY REAL TIME USER EXPERIENCE
ROCK SOLID RELIABILITY RAPID SERVICE INNOVATION
Driving new Database Demands
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Cloud
Web & Enterprise OEM & ISVs
Industry Leaders Rely on MySQL
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The Lowdown on Downtime…. Maintenance Failures Disasters Operator / User
Revenue Customer Sat Employee Regulatory
CAUSE
EFFECT
IMPACT
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HA Considerations
• SLA requirements to support business objectives • Operational capabilities • Service agility & time to market • Budgetary constraints
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Not Everything Needs 99.999% Uptime • Recovery Time Objective
– Maximum length of downtime before there is break in “business continuity”
• Recovery Point Objective – Point in time to which data must be recovered when service is re-established
• Tier 1, Mission-critical services • Tier 2, Business-critical services • Tier 3, Task-critical services • Tier 4, Non-critical services
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Mapping Uptime to Availability
!"#" #" #" #"#"35 days 4 days 50 mins 5 mins 8 hours
Cos
t & C
ompl
exity
SPs & Line of
Business
Web & Cloud
Services
eCommerce Telecoms Military
.
Shared-Nothing, Geo-Replicated
Clusters
Clustered & Virtualized Systems
Replicated Systems
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MySQL HA Solutions
!"#" #" #" #"#"35 days 4 days 50 mins 8 hours
Ope
ratio
nal C
ompl
exity
SPs & Line of
Business
Web & Cloud
Services
eCommerce Telecoms Military
.
Replication
5 mins
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Why Replicate? • Duplicates database from a “master” to a “slave”
– Redundant copies of the data provide foundation for High Availability – Scale out by distributing queries across the replication cluster
Master
Slaves
Web / App Servers
Writes & Reads Reads
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Slave Database
Replication Workflow
• Session thread: processes queries from the application – writes data to master database & associated events to binary log
• Dump thread: reads events from binary log and sends them to a slave
• I/O thread: receives replication events and stores them in slave’s relay log
• SQL thread: reads replication events from slave’s relay log and applies them to slave database
Session
Binary Log
Master Database
Dump I/O
Relay Log
SQL
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Pros § Simple to configure § Heterogeneous § Low TCO – no shared storage § Configure over LAN and WAN § Fast failover
Cons § Asynchronous: risk of of data loss § Semi-Synchronous is configurable § No automated failover or
switchover § Performance overhead to master
Current Generation of MySQL Replication
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MySQL 5.6: Evolving Replication
• Multi-Threaded Slaves • Binary Log Group Commit • Optimized Row-Based Replication
PERFORMANCE
• Global Transaction Identifiers • Replication Failover & Admin Utilities • Crash Safe Slaves & Binlogs
FAILOVER & RECOVERY
• Replication Event Checksums DATA INTEGRITY
• Replication Utilities • Time-Delayed Replication • Remote Binlog Backup • Informational Log Events • Server UUIDs
DEV/OPS AGILITY
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Global Transaction Identifiers • Simple to track & compare replication across the cluster
– Unique identifier for each transaction written to the Binlog • Automatically identify the most up-to-date slave for failover • Deploy n-tier replication hierarchies
Master
GTID=123456
GTID=123456
GTID=123456 GTID=123456
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• Enabling self-healing replication topologies • Automated failover & recovery
– mysqlfailover Utility • Switchover & administration
– mysqlrpladmin Utility • Delivers HA within the core MySQL
distribution
HA Utilities Monitoring
Failed Master
Slaves
Promoted Master
Replication HA Utilities
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Evaluate MySQL 5.6RC TODAY
dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql Select Development Release tab
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Clustering Overview • Tightly coupled clusters of servers/storage providing service to an
application – Use heartbeating and management software to monitor hardware, OS,
database and network – Node failures detected and failover automatically initiated to redundant
systems – Implements Virtual IP (VIP) so failover is transparent to the application
• Couple with Virtualization for higher agility – Migrate between servers with load balancing
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Oracle Certified Solutions
Oracle VM Template
Solaris Cluster
Windows Cluster DRBD
Auto-‐Failover & Migra1on ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Zero Data Loss ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Ac1ve / Passive ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Pla:orm Support Linux Solaris Windows Linux
Shared Storage ✔ ✔ ✔ ✖
Single Vendor Support ✔ ✔ ✖ ✔
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Oracle VM Template for MySQL Integrated & Tested OS, VM and Database Stack
• Oracle Linux
• Oracle VM
• Oracle VM Manager
• Oracle Cluster File System 2 (OCFS2)
• MySQL Database 5.5 (Enterprise Edition)
Pre-Installed & Pre-Configured Full Integration & QA Testing Single Point of Support
Oracle VM Servers
Oracle VM Server Pool
ocfs2
Oracle VM Manager
iSCSI / FC-AL
Oracle VM
Secure Live Migration (SSL)
Oracle VM Automatic Fault Detection & Recovery
hEp://mysql.com/why-‐mysql/white-‐papers/mysql_wp_oracle-‐vm-‐template-‐for-‐mee.php
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VM Server Pool
VM VM VM VM
Oracle VM Servers
SAN, iSCSI
VM Server Pool
VM VM VM VM
Oracle VM Servers
SAN, iSCSI
Oracle VM Manager
Browser
Oracle VM Template for MySQL Protecting Against Planned and Unplanned Downtime
Planned Events: • Maintenance or upgrades • Secure Live Migration • Zero interruption
SSL Migration
X Failures • Server, VM or database failure • HA Auto-restart in pool • Automatic failure detection & recovery
X HA Auto Restart
m m
Pool Masters assure Secure Migration or HA restarts complete in the event of a Manager outage
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Oracle Linux and DRBD Stack
• Based on distributed storage, not a SAN – Synchronous replication eliminates risk of data
loss
• Open source, mature & proven • Certified and fully supported by Oracle
– DRBD integrated into Oracle Linux Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel R2
– Pacemaker and Corosync for clustering / failover – Updates to stack via ULN channel
• Whitepaper: – http://www.mysql.com/why-mysql/white-papers/
mysql_wp_drbd.php
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• Native Windows HA clustering with MySQL • Failures & Planned Maintenance
• Quorum (3rd vote), data (InnoDB + schema) & binaries (optional) stored in shared storage (iSCSI & FCAL)
• Loss of service = couple of seconds + InnoDB recovery time – App sees temporary loss of connection and reconnects on same
IP address – Replication slave recovers automatically
• Cluster managed through MS Failover Cluster Management snap-in GUI
• No new software/scripts required
Windows Server Failover Clustering
** Technical support for Windows Server Failover Clustering must be sourced from Microsoft.
Download the Guide: http://bit.ly/w3rSoP
App
Virtual IP
Data Bin
Slave App App
Vote
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Oracle Solaris Clustering
• Kernel based heartbeating and monitoring • SPARC and x86. Solaris Virtualization-aware • MySQL agent included with Oracle Solaris Cluster • Learn more: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris-cluster/overview/index.html
!
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3rd Party HA Solutions
• Oracle supports MySQL on open source and commercial HA technologies – Support for HA mechanisms from respective communities or
vendors
• Symantec Veritas Cluster • Red Hat Cluster Suite
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Who’s Using MySQL Cluster?
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MySQL Cluster Architecture: High Performance
MySQL Cluster Data Nodes
Data Layer
Clients
Applica1on Layer
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Management Management
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MySQL Cluster Architecture: Extreme Resilience
MySQL Cluster Data Nodes
Data Layer
Clients
Applica1on Layer
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Management Management
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Multi-Data Availability Geographic Replication
• DR and Data Locality • Replicate complete clusters
across data centers – Fully active/active – No passive resources
• Split individual clusters across data centers – Synchronous replication &
auto-failover between sites
Geographic Replication
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Handling Scheduled Maintenance On-Line Operations
Scale
Upgrade
Backup
Evolve
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SLAs Platforms Application requirements (storage engines) Performance expectations vs tolerance to data loss Skill sets
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Certified MySQL HA Solutions
MySQL 5.6 ReplicaAon
Oracle VM Template
Solaris Cluster
Windows Cluster DRBD MySQL
Cluster
Auto-‐Failover & Migra1on ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
No Data Loss @ Failover Semi-‐Sync ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Pla:orm Support All Linux Solaris Windows Linux All
Clustering Mode Master + Slaves
Ac1ve/Passive
Ac1ve/Passive
Ac1ve/Passive
Ac1ve/Passive
Mul1-‐Master
Shared Storage ✖ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✖ ✖
Availability Design 99.9% 99.99% 99.99% 99.95% 99.99% 99.999%
Single Vendor Support ✔ ✔ ✔ ✖ ✔ ✔
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Operational Best Practices Training
Consul1ng
24 x 7 x 365 Global Support
Database Management & Monitoring
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Oracle Premier Lifetime Support
Oracle Product Certifications/Integrations
MySQL Enterprise High Availability
MySQL Enterprise Security
MySQL Enterprise Scalability
MySQL Enterprise Backup
MySQL Enterprise Monitor/Query Analyzer
MySQL Workbench
MySQL Enterprise Edition Highest Levels of Security, Performance and Availability
MySQL Enterprise Audit
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• Web-based, global view of MySQL/Cluster applications (on-premise and Cloud deployments)
• Automated, rules-based monitoring and alerts (SMTP, SNMP enabled)
• Query capture, monitoring, analysis and tuning, correlated with Monitor graphs
• Real-time Replication Monitor with auto-discovery of master-slave topologies
• Integrated with Oracle Support
MySQL Enterprise Monitor
A Virtual MySQL DevOps + Admin!
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§ Online Backup for InnoDB (scriptable interface) § Full, Incremental, Partial Backups (with compression) § Point in Time, Full, Partial Recovery options § Parallel, multi-threaded backup/recovery operations § Metadata on status, progress, history § Unlimited Database Size § Cross-Platform
- Windows, Linux, Unix
§ Certified with Oracle Secure Backup
MEB Backup Files
MySQL Database Files
mysqlbackup
Ensures quick, online backup and recovery of your on premise and Cloud based MySQL applications.
MySQL Enterprise Backup
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• Straight from the Source • Largest Team of MySQL Experts • Backed by MySQL Developers • Forward Compatible Hot Fixes • MySQL Maintenance Releases • MySQL Support in 29 Languages • 24/7/365 • Unlimited Incidents • Knowledge Base • MySQL Consultative Support
Oracle Premier Support for MySQL Rely on The Experts - Get Unique Benefits
"The MySQL support service has been essential in helping us with troubleshooting and providing recommendations for the production cluster, Thanks." -- Carlos Morales – Playfulplay.com
Only From Oracle
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Next Steps Learn More
Evaluate MySQL 5.6 Book a Workshop
HA Solutions Guide http://bit.ly/NB8up1
Download Today http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
High Availability Jumpstart http://www.mysql.com/consulting/
Copyright 2011 Oracle Corporation 44
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Design Goals
• Auto-Sharding, Multi-Master • ACID Compliant, OLTP + Real-Time Analytics
HIGH SCALE, READS + WRITES
• Shared nothing, no Single Point of Failure • Self Healing + On-Line Operations
99.999% AVAILABILITY
• Open Source + Commercial Editions • Commodity hardware + Management, Monitoring Tools
LOW TCO
• Key/Value + Complex, Relational Queries • SQL + Memcached + Java + JPA + HTTP/REST + C++
SQL + NoSQL
• High Load, Real Time Performance • Predictable Low-Latency, Bounded Access Time
REAL-TIME
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Mapping Applications to HA Technology !""#$%&'()* +&,&-&*./
0."#$%&'() 1#2*,.3.4/5/6$3,2&#$7.4
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#H6
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L&7K$'B)G/M',57':(7:'&)
#$'&)+&@($)9NN5)1ODH*O44*4FEP3)
1: Replication used in combination with cluster or virtualization – based HA
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Reasons for Unplanned Downtime
People 40%
Process 40%
Products 20%
http://www.gartner.com/DisplayDocument?id=334197
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Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and / or its affiliates. All rights reserved. September 29th, 2012
MySQL Expert Advisors
140+ Rules, 40+ MySQL, OS specific Graphs
Administration • Monitors and Advises on
Optimal Configuration
Security • Monitors and Advises
on Unplanned Security Changes/Loopholes
Upgrade • Monitors and Advises on
Bugs/Upgrades that affect current installation
Replication
• Monitors and Advises on Master/Slave Latency.
Memory Usage
• Monitors and advises on optimal memory/cache settings
Schema • Monitors and Advises
on Unplanned Schema Change
Performance • Monitors and Advises
on Optimal Performance Variable Settings
• Built by DBA to Enforce Organization specific best practices.
Custom
MySQL Cluster • Monitors and Advises on
status/ performance of MySQL Cluster Data Nodes.
160+ Rules, 60+ MySQL, OS specific Graphs
Backup/Recovery • Monitors and Advises on backup/recovery operations.