MUSIC RECORDINGS

MARTA CASTILLO PECERO 1ºB

INTRODUCCTION

• For centuries man had dreamed of capturing the sounds and music of his environment. Many had attempted it but no one had succeeded until Thomas Alva Edison discovered a method of recording and playing back sound. What had started out as an apparatus intended as part of an improved telephone led to the development of an instrument which would change the world, making it a happier, even a better, place to live.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7VFdKZoDXU

TIMELINE

• INDEX:

THE BEGINNING (1800´S)

20th CENTURY

TIMELINE IN IMAGES

THE BEGINNING (1800´S)

• 1857 Frenchman Leon Scott invented the phonautograph which translated fluctuating air pressures into a scribed trace on a smoked cylinder by means of a stylus attached to a membrane. The resulting transcription could not reproduce the sound.The first recording devices were scientific instruments used to capture and study sound waves. These devices were capable of recording voices and other sounds long before the phonograph.

• The most famous of these was Leon Scott's 1857 Phonoautograph. This device used a horn to direct sound toward a flexible diaphragm placed at the small end. Attached to the diaphragm was a stylus and lever assembly that allowed the point to scratch out a line on a rotating cylinder beneath it. The cylinder (glass strips were later used) was coated with "lampblack," probably applied by holding it over a flame and allowing carbon to accumulate.

Thomas Edison invented first machine that could record sound: 19 Feb 1877, Thomas found a way to record sound by using two needles on tinfoil cylinders. The first words he had recorded were 'Mary had a little lamb'Graphaphone: 1 Jan 1886: Alexander Graham Bell, Chichester Bell, and Charles Tainter of the Volta laboratory obtained several patents for a commercial talking machine which was the graphaphone. The graphaphone was based on Thomas 's phonograph. The stylus for the graphaphone was more of a cutting tool and the tinfoil was replaced with more durable wax cylinders. These changes made the machine easier to use and the play back was much clearer. Edison was asked to join the 3, but he did not.Gramophone: 8 Nov 1887: Emile Berliner was an early developer and inventor of audio technology including the Gramophone (sound recorder). He was the first inventor to stop recording on cylinders and start recording on flat disks. The first piece that was recorded was "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star". He had also invented a method of mass producing copies of an original record.

• The phonograph, graphophone and other players purely mechanical devices through the 1920s. However, in 1924, Columbia began experiments with a new technology developed by the Western Electric Company (the division of AT&T that made telephones and related equipment). Western Electric'srecorder used electronic amplifiers to drive an

• electromagnetic cutting head, rather than relying on the acoustic horn. The result was a louder, clearer record. In the beginning, the record players still relied on acoustic playback with a horn, but as the home radio became popular, it became more common for people to purchase record players that had electric motors and electronic amplifiers. Some of them had a built-in loudspeaker, while others plugged into specially equipped radio sets and played through them. While some said the new "Orthophonic" records sounded harsh, they soon dominated the market.

Ethnomusicologist frances Densmorerecording Blackfoot chief Mountain Chief for

the Bureau of American Ethnology (1916)

20th CENTURY

• The first electrical recordings was issued : 1 Jan 1925: Victor and Colombia in the US, issued the first electrical recordings.

• IN 1930: record companies adapted sound: Many major film producers now used sounds on film.

• In 1940: world war II: During the 1940's in ww2, the recorded music and the radio industry was largely used by the soldiers to entertain their boredom

• In 1962: Cassette tapes: The Philips Company of the Netherlands invented and released the first compact audio-cassette using high-quality polyester 1/8-inch tape produced by BASF.

• 1965: CD´s: Sony and Philips get credit for developing the compact disc in 1981, But James Russell developed it in 1965, 20 years earlier in the Tri-Cities. The CD gained popularity only after Philips started manufacturing it in 1980 on a commercial basis.

• 1979: Voicemail: Gordon Matthews had invented the voicemail. Quoting "When I call a business, I like to talk to a human"

• The First Ipod was released: 23 Oct 2001: The very first Ipodclassic was released by Apple with the capacity of 5, 10 GBs and the battery life of 10 hours.

TIMELINE IN IMAGES