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Moral Issue of Genetic Engineering
Mevelle Asuncion, RN
Gk word◦ Genea
Breed, kind◦ Genesis
Descent, origin Science that deals with the interaction of
the genes in producing similarities and differences between individual related by descent
Genetics
Art and science that is concerned with the practical application of scientific knowledge
Design Constructions Operations of rocks, bridges, harbors,
buildings
Engineering
Human design into the formation of new genetic combination in order to produce desired results.
Includes:◦ Genetic testing◦ Prenatal diagnosis◦ Genetic screening◦ Genetic control◦ In vitro fertilization◦ Embryo transfer◦ Cloning◦ Sperm and zygote banking◦ Sex selection◦ Surogacy◦ Organic transplant
Genetic Engineering
Chromosomal analysis for detecting genetically-caused diseases.◦ Taysach’s disease◦ PKU
Purpose is purely eugenic
Genetic testing
Amniocentesis◦ Detect malformation as early as 5th month or 16th
week of pregnancy and onwards Fetoscope Ultrasound
Prenatal Diagnosis
With Genetic Testing Screen, choose or select Screening
◦ CF◦ Hemophilia◦ Sickle cell anemia◦ PKU
Purpose is to obtain information for the treatment and to help the parents to make responsible decisions in childbearing◦ Sterilization, contraception
Genetic Screening/Genetic Selection
Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.
Genetic Intervention
An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.
In Vitro Fertilization
The transfer of mammalian embryos from an in vivo or in vitro environment to a suitable host to improve pregnancy or gestational outcome in human or animal. In human fertility treatment programs, preimplantation embryos ranging from the 4-cell stage to the blastocyst stage are transferred to the uterine cavity between 3-5 days after FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.
Embryo Transfer
A surrogate mother is a woman who carries a child for someone else, usually an infertile couple.
2 types1. traditional- genes from the mother 2. gestational- zygote implanted to mother
Surrogate Motherhood
Sperm banking and Zygote banking
Chinese Calendar Monitoring one menstrual
cycle Monitoring female orgasm Vaginal rinsing
◦ baking Soda and water – boy◦ Vinegar and water - girl
Timing of semen ejaculation
Sex Selection by Dr. Barion
1. Control of sex-related diseases1. Hemophilia
2. Reduction of Birth rate3. Additional knowledge about human
reproduction4. Preventive of Abortion
Justification of Sex Selection
Organs, tissues, or cells taken from the body for grafting into another area of the same body or into another individual
Types◦ Autograft◦ Heterograft◦ homograft◦ isograft
Organic Transplant
The process of making a clone, a genetically identical copy. Cloning can refer to the technique of producing a genetically identical copy of an organism by replacing the nucleus of an unfertilized ovum with the nucleus of a body cell from the organism.
The first adult mammal cloned was Dolly the Sheep in 1997.
Cloning
Male to female Female to male
Sex change
Natural Law Situationism by John Fletcher Utilitarianism Kantian Ethics
◦ Universalizability
Application of Ethical Theories