From a Gene From a Gene to a Proteinto a Protein

Transcription and Transcription and TranslationTranslation

VocabularyVocabulary

DNADNA Deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Double stranded helix made Double stranded helix made up of A, T, C, and G up of A, T, C, and G nucleotides.nucleotides.

RNARNA Ribonucleic acid. Single Ribonucleic acid. Single

stranded and made up of A, stranded and made up of A, U, C, and G nucleotidesU, C, and G nucleotides

mRNAmRNA Messenger RNAMessenger RNA

tRNAtRNA Transfer RNATransfer RNA

Central DogmaCentral Dogma

mRNA transcriptionmRNA transcription

DNA code is the template that is transcribed into mRNA code.

mRNA matches base pairs but uses U in place of T

Transcription always moves in 5’ to 3’ direction adding onto 3’ end.

RNA PolymeraseRNA Polymerase

Important enzyme in transcription

Binds to unwound section of DNA

Constructs RNA chains from the DNA template

To the CytoplasmTo the Cytoplasm

When transcription is When transcription is finished the mRNA finished the mRNA strand is transferred strand is transferred out of the nucleus.out of the nucleus.

In the cytoplasm the In the cytoplasm the ribosomes initate ribosomes initate translation of the translation of the mRNA into an amino mRNA into an amino acid chain.acid chain.

TranslationTranslation

Occurs in ribosomesOccurs in ribosomes mRNA mRNA is translated into an amino acid is translated into an amino acid

chain. chain. Three nucleotide sequences that code for Three nucleotide sequences that code for

an amino acid are called codons.an amino acid are called codons. tRNA carries amino acid to the codon.tRNA carries amino acid to the codon. Translation goes through initiation, Translation goes through initiation,

elongation, and termination.elongation, and termination.

tRNA MoleculetRNA Molecule

Forms hairpin Forms hairpin structurestructure Bottom loop is called Bottom loop is called

the anti-codon which the anti-codon which binds to the codon on binds to the codon on the mRNA.the mRNA.

Top is where amino Top is where amino acid is bound.acid is bound.

Amino AcidsAmino Acids

After termination newly synthesized amino After termination newly synthesized amino acid sequence folds into a protein.acid sequence folds into a protein.

ReviewReview

Transcription occurs in the Nucleus Transcription occurs in the Nucleus DNA is transcribed into mRNA DNA is transcribed into mRNA The mRNA is transferred to the cytoplasm The mRNA is transferred to the cytoplasm

where it is translated in the ribosomes.where it is translated in the ribosomes. Condons match up with tRNA to link the Condons match up with tRNA to link the

amino acids with the corresponding 3 letter amino acids with the corresponding 3 letter code.code.

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