Mobile gis

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EXPLORING MOBILITY MAPPING WITH MOBILE GIS

Niroshan SanjayaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, University of Moratuwa

Dr Yann Chemin International Water Management Institute, Pelawatta, Sri Lanka

Mr Amila B Jayasinghe Department of Town & Country Planning, University of Moratuwa

FOSS4G Sri Lanka 2014


• Importance of human movement on spatial planning• Existing data collection method • Background • Methodology • Case studies • Process • Results • Outputs

Content…



• Spatial configuration is considered as an important element that influences people spatial experiences (Steadman, 1983; Hillier, 1996).• Spatial layout is an essential element in people's understanding of

their spatial surroundings( Golledge & Stimson, 1997).• Humans/pedestrians select routes according to their convenience

and spatial cognition (Millonig & Gartner, 2008)• Plans should be prepared with the understanding of human movement

patterns to provide the comfortability for pedestrians• To understand the spatial configuration, it is important to understand

human movement on space • To design pedestrian friendly paths, it is important for planners to

understand human movements

Importance of Mobility Mapping in Spatial Planning



Existing Data collection methods

Location Time Pattern Direction Duration Frequency of the

activity

Sequence Volume Rout choice

Diary ? ?

Questionnaire ? ?

Direct observation

?

Video ?

GPS

Source- Based on Literature review



Evolution of Methods

• Direct observationHill, M

1960

• Space – time diaries & Questionnaire Anderson / Blivice,1974

1971

• Video based analysis Lu, Y.J.

1990

• Localization Technologies Chhetri (pilot study to monitor the movement patterns of tourists) 2003

Source- Based on Literature review



Characters which should be included in Data and Data collection methods

• Able to track actual movement path • With the time • with location ( Origin, Destination)

• Accuracy • Efficiency• Record the individual’s path • With minimum number of labors • Easy to update

Existing Methods



Today Smart Phone… GPS

location Direction Pattern Time

Accelerometer Speed Pattern

CompassDirectionPattern

Camera Characteristic of the place

Open Source Operating SystemsDevelop Varies applicationsAbility to create real time data

collectionPersonnel Digital Assistant (PDA)



Background…

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

50

100

150

Celluar Mobile Per Persons (%)

Year

%

Source- Central Bank, 2013

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

20000400006000080000

100000120000

Smartphone Price

YEAR

LKR

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200

5

10

15

Needs of Data

Year

Att

ribu

tes

Call Call, SMS Call, Camera, MP3 player etc.. ..., GPS, Accelerometer, Compass, etc

Traditional Measurement Need

New technology

Diary, Observation

Individual and Updated data GPS

Source- Author constructed Source- Author constructed



1G2G

3G4G

Analog

Global System Mobile (GSM)

High Speed Data facility

Voice calling

voice, data (GPRS), SMS

Broadband data, voice, streaming video

Show the number

SMS, Internet, FM radio, etc

High Speed Internet, Video Camera, MP3player, GPS, AGPS, different sensors, Open source OS

( Source – Miyashita, 2012, Sharon, 2012)



z

• Mobile Phone location identification systems

• A-GPS• Need to connect Local Networks

• Standalone GPS• Based on Satellite

• Triangulation technique • Get Location Using Local Network • Accuracy is 1000m

( Source - McNamara,aA 2008)



Based on the needs

Applicability

Efficiency

Reliability

Accuracy

Types of data & Use



• Develop a framework for data collection of human movement pattern using Mobile GIS.

• Identify the usability and applicability and its efficiency, accuracy and reliability of Mobile GIS as a method of data collection in Sri Lankan context

Research Question Can mobile Phone use as a data collection method of human movement, How

Objectives



Methodology

Identify the attributes which extracted from each method

Identify the advantages & disadvantages

Identify the different data collection methods Selection of a study area

Sample selection

Process data

Output

Validate the output

Research outcome

Identify the issues regarding data collection

Research Question

Literature Review





My Tracks

QGIS



Case studies…

• In Canbera and Sydney• Identify the tourist behavior• Using GPS device• Collected 76 trails• Visitor movement based on the city

core or ‘spine’• Tourists visiting Sydney will walk up

to 35 kilometres a day.Tourists in the Canberra tracking study generally utilised the same roads, streets and patterns ofmovement.Etc..

• Identify young people movement

• 169 young people• Total 169 tracks• Using GPS device• space syntax

methodology is capable of predicting the actual movement

• Use tablet pc• 111 trajectories • Development of

a typology of pedestrian spatio-temporal behaviour

• Use 4 GPS devices • Millions of population • Get the position

cordiantes• Demonstrate the track

pattern of pedestrian movement at different locations in the area



Study Area…

1. Sumanadasa Building2. L Block 3. Goda Canteen 4. Wala canteen 5. Library 6. Faculty of information technology7. QS Building 8. Extension Building 9. Examination Hall 10. Department of Electronic & Telecommunication 11. Department of Transport & Logistic Management 12. Department of Civil Engineering 13. Examination Division 14. CAD laboratory & Drawing Center \15. Department of Mechanical Engineering

1

2

3

4

57

8 9

10

11

12

13

14

15

6



• To identify the Smart phone users within the study area• Conduct a survey

• Online – via google form• Offline- via class representatives

Preliminary Studies… Result

Department Percentage

Architecture 22 %

Building Economics 32 %

Town and Country Planning 14 %

Integrated Deign 35 %

Department Percentage

Chemical and Process Engineering 55 %

Civil Engineering 66 %

Computer Science and Engineering 80 %

Earth Resources Engineering 58 %

Electrical Engineering 75 %

Electronic and Telecommunication

78 %

Materials Science and Engineering 57 %

Mechanical Engineering 67 %

Textile and Clothing Technology

56 %

Transport and Logistics Management

65 %

IT 55 %

NDT 40 %



• Identify the Students distribution within the university • Select a sample proportion to the distribution

Sample Selection…

21%

53%

11%

16%

Archi Eng IT NDT

7%9%

6%

11%

6%9%4%8%

6%7%

28%

Chemical CSE EM CivilElect E&TC MT MechTM TLM 1ST year

24%

43%

17%

16%

Archi QS/FM Design TCP



Process..

Identify the devices

Identify the Proper Tracking

System

OUTPUT



Tracking System

Data save as a track

Track can be exported as KML, GPX, CSV

Collecting tracks Via

Email, Bluetooth



Identify the Collected data

Data transferring

Convert KML to GPX

GPX to SHP

Created as Separate Data sets Line, Points



• Keyhole Markup Language. It is used to display geographic data in Google Earth• KML uses a tag-based structure with nested elements and

attributes encoded using eXtensible Markup Language (XML)• use the gx prefix and namespace Url• <kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2"• xmlns:gx="http://www.google.com/kml/ext/2.2">

• path is saved as point with coordinate value consisting of three values for longitude, latitude, and altitude with seperate time stamp • <gx:coord>79.901308 6.800085 71.58203125</gx:coord>• <when>2013-11-22T02:25:03.854Z</when>

• It saved as multiple tracks, then it is interpolated

KML



• <gx:MultiTrack id="ID">



<altitudeMode>clampToGround</altitudeMode>





<gx:Track>...</gx:Track> </gx:MultiTrack>

• Convert to ESRI shp file, only create two points without any data



• GPX format mean that is the GPS eXchange Format, light-weight XML data forma• It Consist with GPS data such as waypoints, routes, and tracks

<trkpt lat="6.796076" lon="79.90141">

<ele>27.7</ele>

<time>2013-11-25T07:14:36.753Z</time>

</trkpt>

• GPX format is increasingly used by GPS programs because of its flexibility as an xml schema

• Easy to convert to other formats without any data loss

GPX



Database

Data on points Data on Lines



Output

Movement Paths

Individual Movement Path

Locations

Direct

Processed

Line

Point

Rout Choice

Most integration

path/Locations

Pattern

Geographic features

Waiting Locations

INPUTTool/MethodOut Put Information



Source- Author constructed

Layers can be Imported To GIS Software (QGIS)




Methodology

5mX5m pixel size Density =



Source- Author constructed Source- Author constructed









Example Point Layers



Functionality of Area with time….

Normal Day 8~12 AM 12~1 PM



• Counts • Mind maps

Applicability

Time palace

Goda Canteen Wala Canteen L canteen

7.30am 130 140 6010.40am 36 21 812.30pm 180 165 723.15pm 28 18 127.30pm 96 105 ..



Origin

Destination

Origin

Destination

Actual Path Identified Path



Daily activity show only in given Area



15 25 50 75

90 100

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1100

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Accuracy Variation

Sample Size 100%

Cove

red

Loca

tions



Conclusion

Identified data recording app

Identified data types and limitations

Identified data conversion tools and limitations

Identified databases and usages

Identified analysis methods and tool and

limitations

Identified different output and results

Framework for Data collection method



Mobile GIS Diary Observation Video based Questionnaire

Location

Direction

Time

Rout Choice

Duration

Geographic character

Sequence

Ability and Advantages



Mobile GIS Diary Observation Video Questioner

Limited to observer area

Depend on person

Need labors

Give separate equipment/ use material

Allocate separate time

Fake data can be provided

Disadvantages

It has more data, therefore people can be confused with them



Thank you