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Early 2006 overview on the state of the art of mobile ticketing for public transportation in Europe vs. in Japan
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08/04/23Center for Information and
Communication TechnologiesTechnical University of Denmark
MOBILE-BASED AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION
Status and challenges for the future
Ignacio Naveiras
CICT-DTU student
January 26, 2006 Mobile-Based Automatic Fare Collection
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0. Agenda
1. Mobile AFC in a context
2. Drivers
3. The Japanese paradigm
4. Trials in Europe: Hanau
5. Comparison and conclusions
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1. Mobile AFC in a context...
• Massive deployment of contactless SC technology for mass transit– Sony FeliCa in Asia/Pacific
– ISO 14443 A (Philips Mifare) in Europe and USA
– ISO 14443 B marginally
– More than 150 million contactless transit card holders (Nokia)
• Mobile transition– Replacing/complementing contactless cards
– FeliCa/NFC technolgy in the devices
– But still... Why on earth??
January 26, 2006 Mobile-Based Automatic Fare Collection
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2. Because...
1. Commuters usually carry their phones around
2. The phone can emulate a secure contactless SC
Cellphone is a suitable access token!!
• Besides, the mobile terminal may add value to the transit service
• And revenues can be created!!
January 26, 2006 Mobile-Based Automatic Fare Collection
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3. The Japanese paradigm
• FeliCa transit cards with purse: JR-East Suica
• Strong, controlling MNOs, high data traffic– launched Mobile FeliCa service– Mobile Suica in the chip from Jan. 2006
Source: JR-East
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3. Mobile Suica within Mobile FeliCa
• Multi-application• Mobile Suica =
– Regular Suica
• By 2007: 15 mill. NTT, 5 mill. KDDI + Vodafone• Before Mobile Suica, 20-30% of owners registered for use
+– Visibility– Online services
Source: NTT DoCoMo
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4. Trials in Mobile AFC: Hanau• RMV authority in Frankfurt area• get>>in SC system in Hanau
– since 2002– all buses equipped with CADs– CI/CO procedure as in Rejsekort– AFC, post paid, best price– 6.000 users, aiming to expand
• get>>in NFC pilots– Nokia 3220 with NFC shell for
P&T– seamlessly compatible with
get>>in– 200 commuters, 15 controllers
Nothing new under the sun...
Source: RMV
January 26, 2006 Mobile-Based Automatic Fare Collection
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4. Trials in Mobile AFC: Hanau
• 3220 terminals with– NFC shell = NFC interface + SC controller SC emulation– MIDP 2.0 MIDlet
• Delivery:– Initiation: pre-initiated 3220 shells– Personalization: contactlessly at sales points
• Value-added features: – visibility of last CI/COs– loyalty card application
• Differential: use of 3220 for control
Source: RMV
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5. Any resemblances?
Mobile Suica
get>>in
NFC pilot
Platform ”open”
multi-application
closed
mono-application
Technology FeliCa NFC + secure chip
Issuer/Manager
NTT DoCoMo RMV
App. Provider JR East RMV
Delivery OTA in the shell
Added value strong Some
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5. The challenges ahead in mobile AFC
• Technology is (almost) there
• Delivery/issuance– initiation cumbersome in open mobile market– find a suitable role for the PTA– otherwise, impossible to start market launch
• Basic functionality– replicate plastic SC
• Added value– visibility + mobile services– compelling package... towards the mobile PTD– never detract from existing service value!
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MOBILE-BASED AUTOMATIC FARE
COLLECTIONStatus and challenges for the future
Ignacio Naveiras
CICT-DTU student
THANK YOU!
