Microsoft's Big Play for Big DataMicrosoft's Big Play for Big DataAndrew J. BrustAndrew J. Brust

CEO and FounderBlue Badge Insights

Level: Intermediate

• CEO and Founder, Blue Badge Insights• Big Data blogger for ZDNet• Microsoft Regional Director, MVP• Co-chair VSLive! and 17 years as a speaker• Founder, Microsoft BI User Group of NYC

– http://www.msbinyc.com

• Co-moderator, NYC .NET Developers Group– http://www.nycdotnetdev.com

• “Redmond Review” columnist for Visual Studio Magazine and Redmond Developer News

• brustblog.com, Twitter: @andrewbrust

Meet AndrewMeet Andrew

My New Blog (bit.ly/bigondata)My New Blog (bit.ly/bigondata)

Read All About It!Read All About It!

What is Big Data?What is Big Data?

• 100s of TB into PB and higher• Involving data from: financial data, sensors,

Web logs, social media, etc.• Distributed/parallel processing often involved

– Hadoop is emblematic, but other technologies are Big Data too

• Processing of data sets too large for transactional databases– Analyzing interactions, rather than transactions

– The three V’s: Volume, Velocity, Variety

• Big Data tech sometimes imposed on small data problems

What’s MapReduce?What’s MapReduce?

• “Big” input data as key-value pair series• Partition the data and send to mappers

(nodes in cluster)• Mappers pre-aggregate by key, then all

output for (a) given key(s) goes to a reducer

• Reducer completes aggregations; one output per key, with value

• Map and Reduce code natively written as Java functions

MapReduce, in a DiagramMapReduce, in a Diagram

mapper

mapper

mapper

mapper

mapper

mapper

Input

reducer

reducer

reducer

Input

Input

Input

Input

Input

Input

Output

Output

Output

Output

Output

Output

Output

Input

Input

Input

K1

K2

K3

Output

Output

Output

What’s a Distributed File System?What’s a Distributed File System?

• One where data gets distributed over commodity drives on commodity servers

• Data is replicated• If one box goes down, no data lost

– Except the name node = SPOF!

• BUT: HDFS is immutable– Files can only be written to once

– So updates require drop + re-write (slow)

Hadoop = MapReduce + HDFSHadoop = MapReduce + HDFS

• Modeled after Google MapReduce + GFS• Have more data? Just add more nodes to

cluster. – Mappers execute in parallel

– Hardware is commodity

– “Scaling out”

• Use of HDFS means data may well be local to mapper processing

• So, not just parallel, but minimal data movement, which avoids network bottlenecks

What’s NoSQL?What’s NoSQL?

• Databases that are non-relational (don’t let name fool you, some actually use SQL)

• Four kinds:– Key-Value Store

Schema-freeFYI: Azure Table Storage is an example

– Document Store

All data stored in JSON objects– Wide-Column Store

Define column families, but not columns– Graph database

Manage relationships between objects

What’s HBase?What’s HBase?

• A Wide-Column Store• Modeled after Google BigTable• Born at Powerset in 2007

– Powerset acquired by Microsoft in 2008

– Adopted in 2010 by Facebook for messaging platform

• Uses HDFS– Therefore, Hadoop-compatible

• Hadoop often used with HBase– But you can use either without the other

The Hadoop StackThe Hadoop Stack• Hadoop

– MapReduce, HDFS

• HBase– Lesser extent: Cassandra, HyperTable

• Hive, Pig– SQL-like “data warehouse” system– Data transformation language

• Sqoop– Import/export between HDFS, HBase,

Hive and relational data warehouses

• Flume– Log file integration

• Mahout– Data Mining

What’s Hive?What’s Hive?

• Began as Hadoop sub-project– Now top-level Apache project

• Provides a SQL-like (“HiveQL”) abstraction over MapReduce

• Has its own HDFS table file format (and it’s fully schema-bound)

• Can also work over HBase• Acts as a bridge to many BI products

which expect tabular data

Hadoop DistributionsHadoop Distributions

• Cloudera• Hortonworks

– HCatalog: Hive/Pig/MR Interop

• MapR– Network File System replaces HDFS

• IBM InfoSphere BigInsights– HDFS<->DB2 integration

• And now Microsoft…

Project “Isotope”Project “Isotope”

• Work with Hortonworks to create “distro” of Hadoop that runs on Windows Server and Windows Azure– Hortonworks are ex-Yahoo FTEs who are Hadoop

pioneers

• Create ODBC Driver for Hive– And Excel Add-In that uses it

• Build JavaScript command line and MapReduce framework

• Contribute it all back to open source Apache project

Hadoop on AzureHadoop on Azure

• Install onto your own Azure VMs and build a cluster, or…

• Provision a cluster in one step– Give it a name

– Choose number of nodes and storage size in cluster

– Wait for it to provision

– Go!

Provisioning a ClusterProvisioning a Cluster

Submitting, Running and Monitoring Submitting, Running and Monitoring JobsJobs

• Upload a JAR• Use .NET• Use the JavaScript Console• Use the Hive Console

Running MapReduce JobsRunning MapReduce Jobs

Hadoop on Azure Data SourcesHadoop on Azure Data Sources

• Files in HDFS• Azure Blob Storage• Amazon S3 Storage• Hive Tables• HBase?

Review: ODBC Connection TypesReview: ODBC Connection Types

• Registry-based– User Data Source Name (DSN)

– System DSN

• File-based– File DSN

• String-based– DSN-less connection

• We need file-based• Wizard obfuscates how to do this• Don’t forget to open the ODBC port!

Hive ODBC Setup, Excel Hive ODBC Setup, Excel Add-InAdd-In

How Does SQL Server Fit In?How Does SQL Server Fit In?

• RDBMS + PDW: Sqoop connectors• RDBMS: Columnstore Indexes

– Enterprise Edition only

• Analysis Services: Tabular Mode– Compatible with ODBC Driver

Multidimensional mode is not

• RDBMS + SSAS Tabular: DirectQuery• PowerPivot (as with SSAS Tabular)• Power View

– Works against PowerPivot and SSAS Tabular

Querying Hadoop from Querying Hadoop from SQL Server BISQL Server BI

The “Data-Refinery” IdeaThe “Data-Refinery” Idea

• Use Hadoop to “on-board” unstructured data, then extract manageable subsets

• Load the subsets into conventional DW/BI servers and use familiar analytics tools to examine

• This is the current rationalization of Hadoop + BI tools’ coexistence

• Will it stay this way?

Usability ImpactUsability Impact

• PowerPivot makes analysis much easier, self-service

• Power View is great for discovery and visualization; also self-service

• Combine with the Hive ODBC driver and suddenly Hadoop is accessible to business users

• Caveats– Someone has to write the HiveQL

– Can query Big Data, but must have smaller result

Other Relevant MS TechnologiesOther Relevant MS Technologies

• SQL Server Components:– SQL Server Parallel Data Warehouse

– StreamInsight

• Azure Components:– Data Explorer

– DataMarket

• Deprecated MSR Project– Dryad

ResourcesResources

• Big On Data blog– http://www.zdnet.com/blog/big-data

• Apache Hadoop home page– http://hadoop.apache.org/

• Hive & Pig home pages– http://hive.apache.org/– http://pig.apache.org/

• Hadoop on Azure home page– https://www.hadooponazure.com/

• SQL Server 2012 Big Data– http://bit.ly/sql2012bigdata

Thank youThank you

• andrew.brust@bluebadgeinsights.com• @andrewbrust on twitter• Want to get the free “Redmond Roundup

Plus?”– Text “bluebadge” to 22828