Zequanox provides a non-chemical alternative to invasive mussel control
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1. Managing Mussel Shell Debris with a New Chemical Alternative
Sarahann M. Rackl, Ph.D., P.E. Director of Water
TechnologiesMarrone Bio Innovations
2. Mussel Control Challenges Exacerbated byUnrelenting
Population Expansion2 3. Invasive Mussel Control Methods Must
ConsiderShell Debris Management Shells from dead adult musselscan
clog screens or smalltubing causing similar impactsas live mussel
colonization Chemical solutions kill all themussels at the same
time,releasing masses of debris intothe treated system Regular
treatments can helpmitigate impact of shell debris Settlement
preventionrequires almost 24/7continuous application More
sustainable alternativeneeded with flexibility toimprove shell
debrismanagement3 4. Natural Product Chemistry Safer alternatives
to standardchemicals to protect public health and the environment
Products are more target specific Decreased potential for
population resistance Typically not a toxic/contact mode of
actionproviding a more manageable control of pests Well established
technology inthe pharmaceutical and agricultural industries
Bacillus thuringiensis (israelensis) used to control black fly
larva in open waters - globally Production of antibiotics and
antifungal agents effective against diseases in crops4 5. Product
Overview Derived from soil microbe(Pseudomonas fluorescens CL 145A)
Discovered by NYSM Composed of 100% dead cells Controls mussels in
all life stages Perceived as food sourcedestroys themussels
digestive system Causing slower mortality over time, notall at once
Highly selective toward zebra andquagga mussels Effective in a
broad range of waterconditions and temperatures Noncorrosive and
nonvolatile5 6. Extensive Ecotox Studies Show No Impact toOther
Aquatic SpeciesMOLLUSCSFISHBlue Mussel (Mytilus edulis) *Bluegill
sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)Freshwater Mussel - Duck Mussel
(Anadonta)Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Freshwater Mussel -
Black Sandshell (Ligumia recta)Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha) Freshwater Mussel - Fatmucket (Lampsilis
siliquoidea)Coaster brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Freshwater
Mussel - Pink mucket (Lampsilis abrupta)Common Carp (Cyprinus
carpio) Freshwater Mussel - Hickorynut (Obovaria olivaria)Fathead
Minnow (Pimephales promelas) *Freshwater Mussel - Higgins Eye
(Lampsilis higginsii)Klamath Suckers (Catostomus sucker spp)
Freshwater Mussel - Mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina)Lake sturgeon
(Acipenser fulvescens)Freshwater Mussel - Paper Pond Shell
(Utterbackia imbecillis)Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Freshwater Mussel - Plain Pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium)Rainbow
Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) * Freshwater Mussel - Washboard
(Megalonaias nervosa)Sacramento Splittail (Pogonichthys
macrolepidotus)Freshwater Snail (Lymnaea peregra)Smallmouth bass
(Micropterus dolomieu)Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis)Walleye
(Sander vitreus)Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) PLANTS AND ALGAE
Algae *OTHERS Bindweed (Convolvulaceae)Mallard Duck * Common Water
Plantain (Alisma subcordatum)Midge (Chironomidae) Curly Dock (Rumex
crispus)Mayfly (Baetis)Mallow (Malvaceae)Amphipod (Hyalella azteca)
* Nightshade (Solanaceae)European Freshwater Crayfish
(Austropotatamobius pallipes) Smallflower Umbrella Sedge (Cyperus
difformis)Freshwater Crustacean (Asellus aquaticus)Freshwater Water
Flea (Daphnia magna) * * EPA required Studies completed or will
receive final report in 2012. Conducted by Institute of Technology,
Sligo, Ireland;6New York State Museum and USGS; U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation; Certified Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) Lab; and MBI
lab 7. Treatment Programs Designed to Mitigate ShellDebris
ImpactsPeriodicPreventativeDesigned for facilities with tolerance
Goal is to limit the number of mussels for moderate to large shell
sizes (largerthat exceed 4mm in sizethan 4 mm in size) Ideal for
sensitive systems andTreatments occur 1 -3 times
annuallyequipmentModification - slower/reduced kill for Treatments
are performed on alarge populations can provideregular basis
(approx. every 4-6 wks)additional mitigationModification More
frequentMonitoring Level of Control treatments to further reduce
shell size Quantified by percent of mussel s thatMonitoring Level
of Control die over timeEvaluation of total biomass on settlement
plates and confirmation of no mussels > 4 mm Product applied
with standard equipment Treatments can be completed within hours
(~6 hrs)7 8. Methods to Assess Treatment Bioboxes connected to
facilitysservice water system Used for pilot demonstration (direct
application) and facility treatments Mussels collected locally for
assessmentof periodic treatments or settlementplates are inserted
for assessingpreventative treatments Configured for
comparisonbetween treated and control Product measured as
turbidity(NTU) during treatments8 9. Equivalent Level of Efficacy
Observed ThroughoutNorth America9 10. Case Study: Bureau of
Reclamations Davis Dam Tested both Periodic and Preventative
treatment programs in 2011 Bullhead City, AZ; Colorado River Five
turbine, 240 MW hydropower facility Each turbine has a separate
cooling water system 5000 gpm per cooling water subsystem10 11.
Davis Dam Biobox Monitoring Schematic11 12. Low Dose Treatment
Programs Provide Additional Debris Management Over Time 90.0 80.0
70.0 60.0 Mortality (%) 50.0 Treated mean mortality 40.0Control
mean mortality 30.0 20.0 10.00.00 1020 30 4050 6070 80 90100 110120
Time (days)Initial treatment occurred at 0 days; blue arrows
indicate timingof additional lower concentration treatments which
had a12cumulative effect on mussel mortality over time 13. Biomass
Control at Mid-System Locations 0.30Settlement Biomass (dry
g/plate) 0.25 0.20Treated ControlSettlement in Treated System at
0.15Mid-System Location 0.10 0.05 0.00 Midpoint Demonstration of
the preventative treatment program 91.2% less biomass based on
total plateSettlement in Control System atbiomassMid-System
Location 14. Biomass Control at Outlet Locations0.30 Settlement
Biomass (dry g/plate)0.25Treated Control0.200.150.10Settlement in
Treated System at OutletLocation0.050.00 Outlet 79.7% less biomass
in the treated system Settlement analyzed three weeks after final
Zequanox treatment; new growth not excluded during three-week
periodSettlement in Control System atOutlet Location 15. Summary of
Davis Dam 2011 Case Studies Low concentration repeated treatments
on adult mussels canachieve accumulated mussel mortality over time
yet reduceinflux of shell debris Treatments can achieve equivalent
mussel control to chemicaltreatments without causing shell debris
to enter the systemall at once Successive low concentration
treatments on recently settledmussels can achieve a high level of
control resulting in areduction of mussel biomass growth
(Preventative TreatmentProgram) Significant level of mussel control
during extreme algae bloomevents Treatments caused no impact on
Colorado River water quality15 16. Other Benefits of Zequanox
Treatments Minimal use restrictions Elimination of
quenching/detoxification before discharge No risk of release of
toxic, hazardous chemicals into theenvironment Minimal to no
discharge monitoring requirements Low risk to employees Only
minimal PPE needed No risk of corrosion or equipment damage Short
treatment times Minimal impact on process and operations16 17.
Marrone Bio InnovationsMBI discovers, develops, and
marketseffective and environmentally responsible natural products
(biopesticides) that fillunmet needs for weed, pest and plant
disease management.We have our own microbial natural product
discovery screeningWe in-license proprietary technology and
products (plant extracts and microbes), such as Pf CL145A from NYSM
(Zequanox)17 18. Questions?Sarahann M. Rackl, Ph.D., P.E.Marrone
Bio [email protected](530) 750280018
