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Management Information System

Abdul RehmanMohammad Ramzan

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Outline

1.Introduction to MIS and Definition2.Difference Between MIS and Computerized IS.3. Importance of MIS4.Basic Objectives of MIS5.Characteristics of MIS6.Characteristics of Computerized MIS7.Types of Management Information System

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Introduction

• To The Managers:• Management Information System is an implementation of the

organizational systems and procedures.• To A Programmer • It is nothing but file structures, coding of different languages (C,C+

+,JAVA, ASP,PHP) and file processing. However, it involves much more complexity.

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Introduction (cont..)

• Management Information System is concept and combination of three words: 1. Management • Is the ultimate user, manager, CEO and the decision makers.

2. Information• Stands for Processed Data.

3. System • A system means co-related components which works together for a same goal.

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Management• Management covers the planning, control, and

administration of the operations of a concern.• The Top management handles planning

(decision making, e.g. CEO)• The Middle management concentrates on

controlling (Weeks to Months Decisions ,e.g Manager).• Lower management is concerned with actual

operations (data entry, check pass, etc ).

Middle

Managers

LowerLower Staff Workers

TopCEO

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Information

• Information, in MIS, means the processed data that helps the management in planning, controlling and operations. • Data means all the facts arising out of the operations of the

concern.• Data is processed i.e. recorded, summarized, compared and

finally presented to the management in the form of MIS report.

Data Process Information

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System

• Data is processed into information with the help of a system. • A system is made up of inputs, processing,

output and feedback or control. It can also have database

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Definition• Thus MIS means a system for processing data in order to give

proper information to the management for performing its functions properly and decision making.

• In simple words, MIS provides information in forms of reports and displays to managers and other professionals which helps in decision making.

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Difference Between MIS and Computerized IS

• The most of the people think and suppose that a Management Information System and a Computer Information System both are the same concept but there is a little bit difference in both concepts: • The basic difference between MIS and CIS is the source of

the information.

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Management Information System

• from all sources whether they are • human being • from computer. • internal to an organization• external

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Computer Information System

• Computer Information Systems is a bit more technical.• Strictly related to computers • The Way current organization uses the internal computer

system.

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Importance Of MIS

• Constant Change• In information era there is fast change of technology and IT skill. Many

organizations start new services and new products, so there is need to introduce the users to these services. For all these kind of work we need MIS.

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Importance Of MIS (Cont..)

• Web Service: • Now it is time to digitalization and internet. The whole information is

available on net or in digital form by most of the organization so if any organization proves itself they should provide information in latest form and in web form with help of MIS.

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Importance Of MIS (Cont..)

• Shortage of Time: • Every user or information seeker has shortage of time and they collect

their required information short spell of time because they save their time for more work and research their related field, department etc.

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Importance Of MIS (Cont..)

• User Expectations• It is time of fast track so every user need their information 24/7. So it

very important for an organization or information manager that the information which is given should be latest, fast and easy to use for information seekers.

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Basic Objectives of MIS

1.Capturing Data2.Processing Data3.Information Storage4.Information Retrieval5.Information Propagation

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Basic Objectives of MIS (Cont..)

1.Capturing Data• From various internal and external sources of organization.

• Will contribute in decision making

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Basic Objectives of MIS (Cont..)

2.Processing Data

• The captured data is processed into information needed for planning, controlling and operating functionalities at different levels of management.

• Processing Data Means:• Making Calculations With The Data • Sorting Data• Classifying Data• Summarizing Data

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Basic Objectives of MIS (Cont..)

3.Information Storage• Information or processed data need to be stored for future use.

4.Information Retrieval: • The system should be able to retrieve this information from the storage

as and when required by various users. 5.Information Propagation• Information or the finished product of the MIS should be circulated to its

users periodically using the organizational network.

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Characteristics of MIS

1. It should be based on a long-term planning.

2. It should provide a complete view of the dynamics and the structure of the organization.

3. It should work as a complete and comprehensive system covering all interconnecting sub-systems within the organization.

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Characteristics of MIS (Cont..)

4. It should be able to make forecasts and estimates, and generate advanced information, thus providing a competitive advantage. Decision makers can take actions on the basis of such predictions.

5. It should create linkage between all sub-systems within the organization, so that the decision makers can take the right decision based on an integrated view.

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Characteristics of MIS (Cont..)

6.Although the MIS is an integrated, complete system, it should be made in such a flexible way that it could be easily split into smaller sub-systems as and when required.

7.A central database is the backbone of a well-built MIS.

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Characteristics of Computerized MIS

1. It should be able to process data accurately and with high speed.

2. It should be able to collect, organize, manipulate, and update large amount of data coming from various internal and external sources.

3. It should provide real time information on ongoing events without any delay.

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Characteristics of Computerized MIS(Con.)

4. It should provide real time information on ongoing events without any delay.

5. It should support various output formats and follow latest rules and regulations in practice.

6. It should provide organized and relevant information for all levels of management: strategic management, tactical management and operational management.

7. It should aim at extreme flexibility in data storage and retrieval.

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Types of Management Information System

1.Decision Support System:2.Executive Information system 3.Expert Systems

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Decision Support System

• Decision Support Systems (DSS) are a specific class of computerized information system that supports business and organizational decision-making activities. • It helps decision makers to solve problems and make

decisions.

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Decision Support System

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Executive Information system

• An Executive Information System (EIS) is software that allows users to transform enterprise data into quickly accessible and executive-level reports, such as those used by billing, accounting and staffing departments.• An EIS enhances decision making for executives. • EIS is also known as Executive Support System (ESS)• Example: Status of production by product

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Expert System

• Expert are people who are very familiar with solving specific types of problems• Knowledge based system • The Fundamental function of expert system depends upon its

knowledge. Therefore, the expert system is sometimes called knowledge management system.

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Expert System