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TISSUESTISSUES•Groups of cells similar in structure that perform the same function
•Four main types
•Histology is the study of tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Credits
EpithelialEpithelial•Plays a role in protection, filtration, absorption, excretion, secretion and sensory reception
Simple
Stratified
Tissues
Simple EpithelialSimple Epithelial
•Made up of single layer cells
•Used for absorption and filtration
•Six irregular sides
Simple Squamous
Simple Cuboidal
Simple Columnar
Pseudostratified Columnar
Epithelial
Stratified EpithelialStratified Epithelial
•Having two or more cell layers
•Stack on top of one another
•Used for protection
Stratified Squamous
Stratified Cuboidal
Stratified Columnar
Transitional
Epithelial
Simple SquamousSimple Squamous•Shape: Flattened cells with disc-shaped nuclei and sparse cytoplasm
•Function: Diffusion and Filtration
•Found: Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels
Simple Cuboidal
Simple Columnar
Pseudostratified Columnar
Simple Epithelial
Epithelial
Simple CuboidalSimple Cuboidal
•Shape: Single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei
•Function: Secretion and Absorption
•Found: Kidney tubules, ovary surface, ducts and secretory portions of small glands
Simple Squamous
Simple Columnar
Pseudostratified Columnar
Simple Epithelial
Epithelial
Simple ColumnarSimple Columnar
•Shape: Single layer of tall cells with oval nuclei, may contain cilia
•Function: Absorption, Secretion
•Found: Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands, and some regions of uterus
Simple Squamous
Simple Cuboidal
Pseudostratified Columnar
Simple Epithelial
Epithelial
Pseudostratified ColumnarPseudostratified Columnar
•Shape: Single layer of cells with different heights, some do not reach free surface
•Function: Secretion and Propulsion of mucus
•Found: Male Sperm and Trachea
Simple Squamous
Simple Cuboidal
Simple Columnar
Simple Epithelial
Epithelial
Stratified SquamousStratified Squamous
•Shape: Thick membrane composed of several layers of cells
•Function: protection of underlying areas subject to abrasion
•Found: external part of skin’s epidermis and linings of the esophagus, mouth and vagina
Stratified Cuboidal
Stratified Columnar
Transitional
Stratified Epithelial
Epithelial
Stratified CuboidalStratified Cuboidal
•Shape: Generally to layers of cube-like cells
•Function: Protection
•Found: Largest ducts of sweat glands and salivary glands
Stratified Squamous
Stratified Columnar
Transitional
Stratified Epithelial
Epithelial
Stratified ColumnarStratified Columnar
•Shape: Several cell layers, basal cells usually cuboidal, superficial cells elongated and columnar
•Function: Protection
•Found: Pharynx, male urethra and lining of some glandular ducts
Stratified Squamous
Stratified Cuboidal
Transitional
Stratified Epithelial
Epithelial
TransitionalTransitional
•Shape: Several cell layers. Basal cells are cuboidal, surface cells are dome shaped
•Function: Stretches to permit the distension of the urinary bladder
•Found: Lining of urinary bladder, ureters and part of urethra
Stratified Squamous
Stratified Cuboidal
Stratified Columnar
Stratified Epithelial
Epithelial
Connective TissuesConnective Tissues
•Found everywhere in body
•Four main classes
•Functions include binding and support, protection, and insulation
Connective Tissue Proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Tissues
Connective Tissue ProperConnective Tissue Proper
•Contain cells, fibers and a ground
•Loose and dense tissues proper
Loose Connective Tissues
Dense Connective Tissues
Tissues
Loose Connective TissuesLoose Connective Tissues
•Often used to link epithelia
•Found in epidermis
•Distinguished by vascularity and cellularity
Areolar Connective Tissue
Adipose Connective Tissue
Reticular Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
Tissue
Dense Connective TissuesDense Connective Tissues
•Has collagen fibers as main matrix element
•Contains Fibroblasts
•Forms tendons and ligaments
Dense Regular
Dense Irregular
Connective Tissue Proper
Connective Tissues
Areolar Connective TissuesAreolar Connective Tissues
•Shape: Gel-like matrix with all three connective tissue fibers
•Function: Wraps and cushions organs
•Found: widely distributed under epithelia of body
Adipose Connective Tissue
Reticular Connective Tissue
Loose Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
Adipose Connective TissueAdipose Connective Tissue
• Shape: Matrix similar to aerolar with closely packed adipocytes
• Function:Reserves food stores, insulates heat loss, supports and protects
• Found: under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen and in breast
Areolar Connective Tissue
Reticular Connective Tissue
Loose Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
Reticular Connective TissueReticular Connective Tissue
•Shape: Loose ground substance with reticular fibers, line on a fiber network
•Function: Forms a soft internal skeleton, or stroma, that supports other cell types
•Found: lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen
Areolar Connective Tissue
Adipose Connective Tissue
Loose Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
Dense Regular Connective Dense Regular Connective TissueTissue
•Shape: Parallel collagen fibers with a few elastic fibers
•Function: Attaches muscles to bone or to other muscles and bone to bone
•Found: tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular Connective Dense Irregular Connective TissueTissue
•Shape: Irregularly arranged collagen fibers with some elastic fibers
•Function: Withstand tension in many directions providing structural strength
•Found: dermis, submucosa of the digestive tract, and fibrous organ capsules
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
CartilageCartilage
•Stands up to both tension and compression
•Tough but flexible
•Lacks nerve fibers and is avascular
Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Connective Tissue
Hyaline CartilageHyaline Cartilage
•Shape: Amphorous, firm matrix with imperceptible network of collagen fibers
•Function: Supports, reinforces, cushions and resists compression
•Found: embryonic skeleton, the end of long bones, nose, trachea and larynx
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Cartilage
Connective Tissue
Elastic CartilageElastic Cartilage
•Shape: Similar to hyaline cartilage but with more elastic fibers
•Function: Maintains shape structure while allowing flexibility
•Found: support of external ear and the epiglottis
Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Cartilage
Connective Tissue
FibrocartilageFibrocartilage
•Shape: matrix similar to hyaline cartilage but less form with thick collagen fibers
•Function: Provides tensile strength and absorbs compression shock
•Found: intervertebral discs, the pubic symphysis, and in discs of the knee joint
Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Cartilage
Connective Tissue
BoneBone
•Shape: Hard, calcified matrix with collagen fibers found in bone
•Function: support and protection, also provides levers for muscles
•Found: Bones
Connective Tissues
Tissues
BloodBlood
•Shape: Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix called plasma
•Function: transport of respiratory gases, nutrients and wastes
•Found: blood vessels
Connective Tissues
Tissues
Nervous TissueNervous Tissue
•Shape: branched neurons with long cellular processes and support cells
•Function: transmitting electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
•Found: the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
Tissues
Muscle TissuesMuscle Tissues
•Highly textured
•Well vascularized
•Responsible for most types of body movement
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Tissues
Skeletal Muscle TissueSkeletal Muscle Tissue
•Shape: long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells with obvious striation
•Function: Initiates and controls voluntary movement
•Found: skeletal muscles that attach to bones or skin
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Muscle Tissues
Cardiac Muscle TissueCardiac Muscle Tissue
•Shape: Branching, striated, uninucleated cells interlocking at intercalated
•Function: Propels blood into the circulation
•Found: walls of the heart
Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Muscle Tissues
Smooth Muscle TissueSmooth Muscle Tissue
•Shape: sheet of spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei that have no striation
•Function: propels substances along internal passageways called peristalsis.
•Found: walls of hollow organs
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Muscle Tissues
CreditsCreditshttp://www.innvista.com/health/anatomy/connect.htm
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/histology/labmanual2002/labsection1/Connective Tissue03.htm
http://biology.about.come/library/weekly/aa011801a.htm
http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/connective_tissue/loose_connective_tissue.htm
Human Anatomy and Physiology
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