Making Web Annotations Persistent over Time

Persistent Web Annotations Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel

JCDL 2010, June 21-25, Surfers Paradise, Australia

[email protected]@gmail.com

[email protected]@gmail.com

DigitalLibraryResearchandPrototypingTeam

LosAlamosNa@onalLaboratory,USA



Slide:2

Overview

•  BackgroundandResearchQues@on

•  OpenAnnota@onCollabora@on

•  Memento

•  Experiments

•  Conclusions



Slide:3

10+YearsofAnnota@onResearch



Slide:4

Our2020Vision

web



Slide:5

ScholarshipisMovingtotheWeb

•  Fromsilosofhighlycuratedcontenttoopenworldmodels

•  Publishingofscholarlycommunica@ononline:•  FirstJournals(DLib,PLoS,…)•  ThenUsers(Vivo,ORCID,…)•  NowData(NVO,OREChem,…)

•  NexttheScien@ficProcess?(MyExperiment,Annota@on,…)

•  Withthewebcomesnewchallenges…

•  Persistence



Slide:6

WebResourcesChange…

Google Sidewiki Annotation on http://news.bbc.co.uk/ as of 2010-06-14



Slide:7

ArchivedCopy,ButNoAnnota@ons

Archived page from: http://www.dracos.co.uk/work/bbc-news-archive/2010/03/08/07.05.html



Slide:8

CanWeFixThis?Automa@cally?

The desired outcome: Display the correct representation of the Web Resource with the Annotation.



Slide:9

PreviousAnnota@onPersistenceMethods

•  Migrateannota@onsfromoneversiontothenext:•  Seektodiscovernewloca@onofoldtargetsegment

•  Otherwisediscardtheannota@onasnolongerrelevant•  TreatstheAnnota@onasofsecondaryimportance

•  Focusedonheuris@cs:•  Crossformat,crossloca@on

•  Editedtextinsamedocument

•  Dynamicallyscalingtargetareas,marksofannota@on•  …



Slide:10

PersistentandWeb‐Centric?

•  OAC:DescribeAnnota@onsinaWeb‐centricModel

+

•  Memento:MakeNaviga@ngthePastWebEasy

=

•  GivenanAnnota@on,displayappropriatearchivedWebResource?•  GivenanarchivedWebResource,displayappropriateAnnota@ons?



Slide:11

OpenAnnota@onCollabora@on

•  Focus: Interoperabilitybetweensystemstoenablesharing

•  Founda@on: ArchitectureoftheWorldWideWeb

•  Framework: LinkedDataGuidelines

•  Funding: MellonFounda@onfor18months



Slide:12

OACDataModel:Basics

•  Anoac:Annota@onisanore:Aggrega@onoftwoormoreresources,suchthatone(oac:Body)annotatesatleastoneother(oac:Target)

•  WegetOAI‐OREen@@esforfree(ore:ResourceMap,ore:Proxy)

•  Allresourcesareregularwebresources



Slide:13

OACDataModel:Basics



Slide:14

OACDataModel:Segments

•  MostAnnota@onsareaboutpartofaresource

•  Resourcesareatomic,intermsofiden@fica@on(byaURI)

•  SegmentsoftheresourceapplyinthecontextoftheAnnota@on

•  Solu@on:aaachaDescrip@onoftheSegmentofinteresttoanOREProxyfortheresource



Slide:15

OACDataModel:Segments



Slide:16

OACDataModel:Time

•  Asregularwebresources,ResourceMap,BodyandTargethaverepresenta@onsthatcanchangeover@me

•  TheResourceMap,BodyandTargetcanchangeindependentlyofeachother

•  IfanAnnota@oninvolvesresourcesastheyexistedatapar@cularpointin@me,thisneedstoberecorded

•  ThreedifferentTimemodelsarepossible…



Slide:17

TimelessAnnota@ons

•  TheAnnota@onisalwaysapplicable,regardlessoftherepresenta@onservedfromtheURIsoftheBodyandTargets.

•  Example:"ThisisthehomepageofCNN"

•  TimelessAnnota@onsdonotneedaspecial@mestamp.



Slide:18

UniformTimeAnnota@ons

•  TheAnnota@onisnotalwaysapplicable,butpertainstothestateoftheBodyandTargetatasinglemomentin@me.

•  Example:Tweetisaboutcontemporarystateofawebpage.

•  Addmem:whenpropertytoAnnota@on



Slide:19

VariedTimeAnnota@ons

•  TheAnnota@onisnotalwaysapplicable,butpertainstothestateoftheBodyandTargetatdifferentmomentsin@me.

•  Example:Blogpostisaboutpreviousday'sstateofawebpage•  Addmem:whenpropertytoProxiesforresources



Slide:20

Memento

•  Weknow:theURIoftheTargetandthe@meitwasannotated

•  Wedon'tknow:theURIwhereitisarchived•  Weneed:Memento

•  MementowantstomakeitEasytoNavigatetheWeb’sPast

•  Basicidea:UseHTTPtogetfromthecurrentresourcetothearchivedcopyofthatresourceatagiven@me,ratherthansearching



Slide:21

IssueswiththePastWeb

•  Newnamesforarchivedresources

• Whatwascnn.com,becomesarchive.org/web/20010120…•  …Andlotsofothernames

• Withnowaytodiscoverthemwithoutsearchingbyhand

•  Peopledonotliketosearch•  Especiallywhenacomputercoulddoit.

•  Naviga@onisinconsistent•  Stuckinwebarchivecontentsilo(URIsrewriaen)•  Orendupbackinpresent(URIsnotrewriaen)



Slide:22

TheWebwithoutTimeDimension

eg: http://www.cnn.com/ eg: http://web.archive.org/web/ 20020209001709rn_1/www.cnn.com/?



Slide:23

TheWebwithTimeDimensionfromMemento

eg: http://www.cnn.com/ eg: http://web.archive.org/web/ 20020209001709rn_1/www.cnn.com/?



Slide:24

current

Apr 10 2001, 21:39:30 UTC

Aug 15 2004, 08:45:27 UTC

Aug 15 2007, 19:21:58 UTC

www.cnn.com web.archive.org



Slide:25

current

Apr 10 2001, 21:39:30 UTC

Aug 15 2004, 08:45:27 UTC

Aug 15 2007, 19:21:58 UTC


Original Resource

Mementos ?



Slide:26

current

Apr 10 2001, 21:39:30 UTC

Aug 15 2004, 08:45:27 UTC

Aug 15 2007, 19:21:58 UTC


Original Resource

Mementos ?

TimeGate



Slide:27

current

Apr 10 2001, 21:39:30 UTC

Aug 15 2004, 08:45:27 UTC

Aug 15 2007, 19:21:58 UTC


Original Resource

Mementos ?

TimeGate

Conneg with TimeGate to Mementos Link Headers



Slide:28

Experiments

1.  Givenanannota@on,findtheappropriaterepresenta@ons•  Createannota@ononresourceknowntochange•  Canweusetheinforma@onfromtheannota@ontofaithfullyrecreatetheenvironmentthroughMemento?

2.  Givenanarchivedresource,findtheappropriateannota@ons•  Createannota@onsatdifferent@mesonresourceknowntobearchived

•  Canweusetheinforma@onfromMementotofindtheappropriateannota@ons?



Slide:29

Experiment1

Retrieve



Slide:30

Experiment1

Reconstruct



Slide:31

Experiment1:CreateAnnota@on



Slide:32

Experiment1:TestwithoutMemento



Slide:33

Experiment1:TestwithMemento



Slide:34

Experiment2

•  Need to find Original URI, start, end time of representation •  Need searchable collection of annotations



Slide:35

Experiment2:CreateAnnota@ons



Slide:36




Slide:37




Slide:38

Experiment2:TestwithoutMemento



Slide:39

Experiment2:TestwithMemento



Slide:40

Conclusions

•  Annota@on,asacorescholarlyprac@ce,isincreasinglyweb‐based

•  WeproposeusingOACandMementotoprovideasolu@onforpersistenceofannota@ons,bydisplayingannota@onsintheiroriginalcontextanddisplayingrelevantannota@onsforarchivedresources

•  Archivingofannotatedandannota@ngresourcesimportant

•  Interes@ngresearchques@onofwhetherannota@onspansmul@plearchivedresources



Slide:41

ThankYou

•  Authors:•  [email protected]/[email protected]

•  [email protected]/[email protected]

•  OAC:•  hap://[email protected]/•  hap://groups.google.com/group/oac‐discuss

•  Memento:•  hap://www.mementoweb.org/

•  hap://groups.google.com/group/memento‐dev

•  ThanksTo:•  ScoaAinsworth,LudaBalakireva,TimCole,AnnaGerber,BernhardHaslhofer,EricHetzner,JaneHunter,CliffLynch,MichaelNelson,DougReside,HariharShankar



Slide:42

MementoHTTPFlowHEAD R, (Accept-Datetime)

LinkG

302M, Vary, TCN, LinkR,B,M

200, Content-Datetime, LinkR,B,M

GET G, Accept-Datetime

GET M, (Accept-Datetime)

Technology

Making Web Annotations Persistent over Time