@matteocollinamatteocollina.com

Better Software - Florence 2012/09/26

Making things that work with us!

Smartphones are changing the world

How many people will own a smartphone by 2014

1.000.000.000

Did you see it coming

http://www.flickr.com/photos/12738000@N00/360231193/

Stevedid.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/noppyfoto/6216399465/

Thanks.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/noppyfoto/6216399465/

They didn’t!

...

What's next(hint: it's a big number)

50.000.000.000

1.000.000.000

50.000.000.000

"Things"

50.000.000.000interconnected

"things"by

2020

http://www.flickr.com/photos/adactio/2337914481

Social Web Of Things Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5AuzQXBsG4

Let's experiment

http://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/2798315677

Monitor my housetemperature

Goal:

I want to chat with my house

>: hi househi matteo

>: what's the temperature?36

>: 4 8 15 16 23 42

If you don’t understand this, you are not a geek!

Hubot © 2012 GitHub Inc. All rights

Enter Hubot

Hubot © 2012 GitHub Inc. All rights

A programmable robotthat is controlled through chat

We can supercharge our house with hubot

module.exports = (robot) ->

robot.respond /what’s the temperature?/i, (msg) -> msg.http("http://mchouse.it/temperature") .header("Accept", "application/json") .get() (err, res, body) -> msg.send JSON.parse(body)

We can supercharge our house with hubot

How

In order to ask our temp to hubot, we need to:

1. sense the temp2. get the temp on the web3. build a web API

From Hubot, I want to do the equivalent of:

>: curl http://mchouse.it/temp

What about JSON

We are building an API

In Italy,“API” means

“bees”http://www.flickr.com/photos/theseanster93/4056815767

What do we need to sense my house temperature

Arduino is an open source microcontroller, that you can use to hack things

http://www.flickr.com/photos/mattrichardson/5029708468/

TMP36

TMP36

We add a sensor to an Arduino

TMP36

We add an ethernet shield to connect to the Internet

http://www.flickr.com/photos/snootlab/6052465980/

What protocol do we use to push our temperature

to our API?

HTTP POST

http://www.flickr.com/photos/clearlyambiguous/48185613/

HTTP is slow and safe

We need a fast, binary protocol

http://www.flickr.com/photos/grrphoto/305649629

likes binary

What if we need to interconnect our things?

To build a social web of things we need to react to events.

We need a publish/subscribe pattern.

HTTP

Devices need:• binary protocol

• publish/subscribe

Binary vs REST“Things” should interact with our lives, and all the technology should be built to make them easy to use.

M2M protocols are ad-hoc, and researchers and businesses focus on low level problems.

• binary protocol

• publish/subscribe

• topics as the naming system

• royalty free

• open source implementations

• devices exposed to the web

• REST architecture

• URIs as the naming system

• syndication

MQTT is the state of art protocol for the Internet of Things

Mosquitto

Really Small Message Broker

• the base element of the protocol is a topic

• devices and other systems can publish or subscribe to topics

How to use

on

Step 1: download PubSubClient, the library for

on Arduino: Setup

String server = String("qest.me");

PubSubClient client = PubSubClient(server, 1883, callback);

if (!client.connected()) { client.connect("arduino");}client.loop();

char s[10];itoa(get_temperature(), s, 10);client.publish("temp", s);

on Arduino: publishing

if (!client.connected()) { client.connect("arduino");}client.loop();

char s[10];itoa(get_temperature(), s, 10);client.publish("temp", s);

on Arduino: publishing

This is called a topic, and it is where we publish

things on MQTT.

speaks

, Hubot speak HTTP

speaks

, Hubot speak HTTP

Communication

QESTDiscover

qest.me

• MQTT broker

• REST interface

• HTTP semantics

• no QoS

• built in node.js

• crafted by me

QEST

REST Server

Redis

MQTT Server

QEST

Data Layer

HTTP Clients MQTT Clients

QEST• retains every message received

: MQTT to REST

curl -H "Accept: txt" \ http://qest.me/topics/temp

client.publish("temp", "30");

• every topic has its own URI: /topics/<NAME>

QEST• transform every HTTP PUT received to a

MQTT message

: REST to MQTT

void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, int length) { ...}PubSubClient(server, 1883, callback);client.subscribe("temp");

curl -X PUT -d '{ "housetemp": 42 }' \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \http://qest.me/topics/temp

• devices can listen directly to MQTT topics

Web App

DeviceSC

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www.arduino.cc

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Arduino UNO

IoTBroker

QEST

state-of-artapproach to IoT apps

QEST-basedsolution to IoT apps

Bridge

Web App

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Arduino UNO

QEST : Scalability

Redis

HTTP/MQTT Clients

REST Server MQTT Server

QESTData Layer

...

Load Balancer

REST Server MQTT Server

QESTData Layer

JavaScript Apps are often a mess

We mix logic with presentation with persistance.

Is QEST different?http://www.flickr.com/photos/mpirotta/4944504834

Do you like Spaghetti Code?

Built BDD-style, with Cucumber-js and mocha

Continuous Integration based on Travis-CI

Written in CoffeeScript

Patches are welcome!

http://www.flickr.com/photos/mpirotta/4944504834

QEST:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/oneaustin/1261907803

Let’s ask something to my house!

Hubot © 2012 GitHub Inc. All rights

Hubot Integrationmodule.exports = (robot) ->

robot.respond /qest check ([a-z0-9A-Z]+)/i, (msg) -> topic = msg.match[1] if topic? msg.http("http://qest.me/topics/#{topic}") .header("Accept", "application/json") .get() (err, res, body) -> msg.send JSON.parse(body) else msg.send "No topic specified"

• What devices can a user monitor?

• What devices can 'listen' to the state of other devices?

• Who can access the devices state?

• Is the communication secure?

Security Issues

We need to interconnect UsersSocial profiles tothe Devices!

We need OAuthfor Devices!

I’m working on

it!!

QESTtry

qest.me

TL;DR• The Internet of Things

will be big

• Devices need binary and pub/sub protocols

• Devs need HTTP API

• QEST does both

Matteo Collina

Software Engineer

Ph.D. Student

@matteocollina matteocollina.com

www.mavigex.comwww.wemobi.it

Credits• Font Awesome for the

Icons.

• Flickr for LOTS of CC images :).

• Balsamiq Mockup for the iPhone Mockup

Thank You!

http://www.flickr.com/photos/alexindigo/1606826416

Any Questions?