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Making Sense of Wireless Technologies
NFC & RFID
“Near field communication (NFC) is a set of standards for smartphones and similar devices
to establish radio communication with each other by touching them together or bringing them into close proximity, usually no more
than a few centimeters”
NFCNear-Field Communication
QR-Like usage is common, unfortunately.
This is a USB NFC device
This is a NFC device
NFC can communicate across devices...
.. or by reading inexpensive tags
Tags store 1kb of data
That’s 1024 characters, 0-9, a-z, A-Z
YVlA5EgY0dc93ZwXWb1wIh6cdMEw80qriKkCv6HwLt4hNCpFnrtfvHxZN8UjEUEOmAeQP8ytq858Ytf7zPqVUGVAVtqt4QGKrw9cE4SynPlNUhIlkFdGn5gcVoGSKqjPZduDVsgHYPV5FAQwN1zWumXoNwvsPZK1m3OtPyPxpeCywaxo3cnMLrj4M401w8zrlbjx5dATuDVvIGLaeueqpyH5ItZOc6FcdhCwMDVnVEdf3eBRnf0csRhmNuQUuuPEovd2XjXnnAdlQhV6gXA9KuCXNpqeqXtTZyLnIpYo1x3cMfCrJRa1ua3C05rXUUSAl9dEigXpePb0eb0Ktj5co9Zjbqxa5yztDqEudLEOUgfpOr8WUhhNrd4iiPBByq6gz7QXn4wFjxE70CppLyoCoiwqqqrY7RjPDLRKe5K6z3btYpbZLlXfOQxtlv15QfDyE3ntKsDDdOthjOS3MeNwbTsEPGmM3Mh1qgqLzYhpqFEVXMSUwk0VMQ7uromHgvpgHJoOtx58RWqep4zr7Gj0f7R8wUmEx2DiNahEO5wN0yHjK9QLoQpaAR5k9EvELYGaRkb7FFBx16HIh0yk3KQE3ZjUQXwcPogLasZWI15mqOTL7tnEmKXq1aaOYa9JEtwIAYeHhf53cpdgQaIWfoH57Up9aGCrIUzESPFbMVFw5B5NcwmmmaUzytjxAofafNUe8SrJqsQslU7BZePlpfshoixFsMn1Ega9l8pwZEYjfxoJhr0QINxA4wUXOlc1MpkQ0GrPiWf2AgebvOgFf9CldgJnrluiZNkllErbhSDQaqObKTj839FTsTXTarDaegs6ZEacJrzaSPbnZ7fKgB6SNHAaIqLMfPB7NNF2Py7jI0jsqBTZrDAwkEwUnBjBjGcC5rxJ8dZOPhGUSlUSuTD4Wkkbl4iOAj8Ih6kgsG0XT5f5Hn9gw8m55EE2edsvsBJPAWUQK5mzSBIY7is4jbg10Fyv2RWV1NH5PGF83mDNLb8QXm8ZeHVhFzFlB2c2PItL
NFC communication is exclusive between two devices
Examples
We used NFC to gamify the Wet’n’Wild theme park
Small PC’s with USB readers built in to a kiosk
Each tag contained an ID stored against a user in the cloud
DDB used it to make the ordinary, extraordinary
Here are some basic costs
$0.2(per band)
$56(per USB reader)
Exciting, isn’t it?Now, RFID.
“Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the wireless non-contact use of radio-frequency fields to transfer data using tags. The tags contain electronically stored information”
RFIDPatented in 1983, used in cattle identification
Sydney E-Toll
Electronic Passports
RFIDImplanted Tags
RFID is not NFC (but kinda is)
RFID (1983) – Precursor to NFC- Operates at various frequencies (tag and readers)- Different scanning distances- Readers sense multiple tags
NFC (2004) – Refined version of RFID- Fixed frequency (13.56 MHz)- Fixed scanning distance (5 – 10 cms)- Two way communication
How it works
A ‘Tag Reader’ and a ‘Tag’ is all that is needed.
Laptop & RFID USB Reader RFID TagRadio Signal
TagsThere are two kinds of tags, passive and active.
Passive tags are powered by the Readers signal thus have a low distance when it comes to reading < 2m.
Active tags use a small battery and have much larger read distances.
Active RFID Tag
Battery
Passive RFID Tag
Reader Signal
Tag UsageTags have different usage abilities: Read & Write, Read, Write Once
Laptop & RFID USB Reader
RFID Tag
Laptop & RFID USB Reader
RFID Tag
Tag Content1kb of data limit on passive tags, so not much data storage.
Sadface
Makes use of RFID passive tags pretty much limited to housing a unique string of data as a unique identifier, but this is fine...
RFID Tag
10001101001001011010000010001101001001001101000000001000110100100100110100000000 1000110100100101101000000001000110100100100110100001010011011101
010101
ID Linkage… as we can link each unique Tag ID number to an
account, i.e. Facebook.
Process: Tag -> Swipe -> Account Action
RFID Tag
10001101001001011010000010001101001001001101000000001000110100100100110100000000 1000110100100101101000000001000110100100100110100001010011011101
010101
Laptop & RFID USB Reader
Account
RFID Frequencies
Various Distances, Various FrequenciesCan get confusing but offers flexibility with scanning ranges.
120-150 kHzUp to 10 cm
13.56 kHzUp to 1 m
865 – 868 MHz1 - 2 m
902 – 928 MHz1 - 2 m
3.1 – 10 GHzUp to 200 m
433 MHz1 - 100 m
Example Account ActionsWhen the reader interprets the signal, it sends the ID to the laptop
Which then performs actions, such as:
Activate software (game, photo booth)
Social Network connect
Increment read counts for tracking
Connect to other shared accounts for the ID
Survey / Voting mechanics
Contests
Location Based (more to come)
Diet Plan?
As an example. Imagine having your dietary plan put online buy your nutritionist and a
corresponding ID to your RFID tag.
The next restaurant you enter has a digital menu.
It senses your tag is 30cm away and reads your tag, collects your dietary requirements and then filters
out foods that will not suit your dietary needs.
This is entirely possible.
Privacy concerns, lots.
Costs
Simple Wristband13.56 kHz – 10cm read$0.30ea bought in bulk
Simple Reader13.56 kHz USB – 1m read
$30 - $70
Real-Time Trilateration Fancy name for positioning using multiple readers.
Triangulation. Possible, but not very accurate.
Laptop & RFID USB Reader
RFID Tag
Laptop & RFID USB Reader
Laptop & RFID USB Reader
Real-Time Trilateration Measuring the movement
http://www.openbeacon.org/
Diolch!(Thanks in Welshland)