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Welcome #EUC11
Logics of spatial distribution of
engravings in mont Bego
archaeological area
Geo-statistical approaches of engraved rocks
by cost-distances means
Thomas Huet*, Gourguen Davtian**, Didier Binder***
* PhD, CEPAM-CNRS UMR 6130, Nice Sophia Antipolis
** Research Engineer, CEPAM-CNRS 6130, Nice Sophia Antipolis
*** Research Director, CEPAM-CNRS 6130, Nice Sophia Antipolis
Introduction
Understand distribution of engraved rocks and engravings...
Statuette of a household god with libation cup
(picture of the swiss exhibition “Futur antérieur”)
Usually, when archaeologist don’t
reach the function of an objet they
class it as cultual.
This is the most common hypothesis to
explain Mont Bego’s engravings
concentrations (our subject), but this is not
a proved hypothesis...
Introduction
Understand distribution of engraved rocks and engravings...
• « The mountain is the sanctuary, the sacred
place. The distancing of figures from its summit
indicates it was treated with awe and reverence.
Their distribution confirms a religious
interpretation. »
• « The mountain was not sacred. The distancing
of figures from its summit indicates there was
nothing special about the mountain that would
draw the figure-markers towards it. Their
distribution confirms a secular interpretation. »
Chippindale, 1988
Lumley, Echassoux, 2011
Bicknell, 1913
Proposition 1
Proposition 2
Chippindale, 1988
Site presentation
Localisation
Site presentation
Localisation
Distribution of engraved rocks
Site presentation
A view of the Pic des Merveilles and
the Grand Capelet in Les Merveilles
archaeological aera
Mont Bego site is the second most
engraved site in Europe. It counts
around 20 000 figuratives
engravings displayed on 4281
engraved rocks
Engraved rocks
Site presentation
Pic des Merveilles 2659 m
Grand Capelet 2935 m
Site presentation
Engravings
Photo D. Ponsard, Musée de l’Homme
Horned figures
Geometrics
Weapons
Antrhopomorphs
20 571 figuratives
Anthropomorphs
Horned figures
Geometrics
Weapons
Groups of Irregular
Peckings 15 115 unfiguratives
Engravings
Site presentation
Which factors are able to
explain such concentrations
of engravings ?
- geological ?
-proximity to geographical
elements ?
-shapes or orientations of
the engraved rocks ?
- others ?
Understanding spatial distribution of engravings
How engravings and engraved rocks are related to geographical elements
(summits, passes, streams, etc.) ? How these relations are significant ?
Summits
Lakes
Streams
Passes
Altare Rock Roche de l’Autel
Methodology
GIS – cost-distance path
Inclinaison of the
slope Cost Unit
0 - 12° 1
12 - 22° 2
22 - 30° 3
30 - 40° 4
40 - 45° 6
45° - 50° 10
50° and more impassable
Model parameters
Walk speed: 5 km-1
Methodology
GIS – cost-distance path
?
Shorter path ?
Possible path ?
Referential
construction
Methodology
GIS – cost-distance path
Cost-distance
calculation
Methodology
Bonferonni/Dunn test on cost-distances
The Bonferonni / Dunn test is a non-parametric multiple
comparaison test based on sequences of comparaison
between pairs. Its statistic is establish on the differences
between the sum of the ranks to the theorical average. The
result is a classification of the populations in groups.
Analyses
Cost distances from summits
Category Numbers S of ranks
Average
of ranks Groups
Anthropo. Horned Figures 11 143550.500 13050.045 A
Praying Figures 88 1314154.500 14933.574 A
Daggers 1003 ########## 15229.985 A
Yokes 371 5965582.500 16079.737 A
Halleberds 441 7109033.500 16120.257 A
Horned Figures 12673 ########## 16339.728 A
Groups of Irregulars Peckings 12045 ########## 17436.271 A
Geometric Shapes 935 ########## 17979.017 A
Human Figures 184 3317239.500 18028.476 A
"Figures à Franges" 83 1505850.500 18142.777 A
Axes 40 725967.500 18149.188 A
Lines 2755 ########## 18409.601 A
"Réticulés" 1079 ########## 19034.376 A
Regular Shapes 2003 ########## 19057.785 A
"Grands Anthropomorphes" 6 116213.500 19368.917 A
Topographics 584 ########## 20064.536 A
"Peaux" 164 3411469.000 20801.640 A
Bonferonni/Dunn test on cost-distances
Analyses
Cost distances from passes
Category Numbers S of ranks
Average
of ranks Groups
Anthropo. Horned Figures 11 151514.0 13774.0 A
Axes 40 554281.5 13857.0 A
Human Figures 184 2781034.0 15114.3 A
Daggers 1003 15166858.5 15121.5 A
Yokes 371 5686724.5 15328.1 A
Halleberds 441 7046126.5 15977.6 A
Regular Shapes 2003 33516416.0 16733.1 A
Groups of Irregulars Peckings 12045 203836772.5 16922.9 A
Horned Figures 12673 218272641.5 17223.4 A
Praying Figures 88 1536667.0 17462.1 A
Topographics 584 10254075.0 17558.3 A
Geometric Shapes 935 16496431.5 17643.2 A
Lines 2755 50644707.0 18382.8 A
"Grands Anthropomorphes" 6 115135.0 19189.2 A
"Figures à Franges" 83 1612533.5 19428.1 A
"Peaux" 164 3262102.0 19890.9 A
"Réticulés" 1079 23001325.0 21317.3 A
Bonferonni/Dunn test on cost-distances
Analyses
Cost distances from permanent streams
Category Numbers S of ranks
Average
of ranks Groups
"Figures à Franges" 83 871752.5 10503.0 A
"Peaux" 164 2086062.0 12719.9 A
"Réticulés" 1079 15254737.5 14137.8 A
"Grands Anthropomorphes" 6 100400.0 16733.3 A / B
Lines 2755 46240571.5 16784.2 B
Groups of Irregulars Peckings 12045 204529722.5 16980.5 B
Geometric Shapes 935 15927524.0 17034.8 B
Horned Figures 12673 216254369.5 17064.2 B
Daggers 1003 18028511.5 17974.6 B
Praying Figures 88 1582690.5 17985.1 B
Yokes 371 7111099.0 19167.4 B
Halleberds 441 8631642.5 19572.9 B
Regular Shapes 2003 39872134.0 19906.2 B
Topographics 584 12286741.5 21038.9 B
Anthropo. Horned Figures 11 237934.5 21630.4 B
Human Figures 184 3986663.0 21666.6 B
Axes 40 932789.0 23319.7 B
Bonferonni/Dunn test on cost-distances
Analyses
Cost distances from lakes
Category Numbers S of ranks
Average
of ranks Groups
"Figures à Franges" 83 973530.5 11729.3 A
"Peaux" 164 2121858.5 12938.2 A
Geometric Shapes 935 15095510.0 16144.9 B
Human Figures 184 3061765.0 16640.0 B / C
Regular Shapes 2003 34014716.0 16981.9 B / C
Groups of Irregulars Peckings 12045 206680571.5 17159.0 B / C
Lines 2755 47301197.5 17169.2 B / C
Horned Figures 12673 219041713.0 17284.1 B / C
Topographics 584 10129285.5 17344.7 B / C
"Grands Anthropomorphes" 6 104649.0 17441.5 B / C
Halleberds 441 7803932.5 17696.0 B / C
Daggers 1003 18144280.0 18090.0 C
Yokes 371 6739063.0 18164.6 C
"Réticulés" 1079 19903362.0 18446.1 C
Praying Figures 88 1766335.5 20072.0 C
Anthropo. Horned Figures 11 226362.0 20578.4 C
Axes 40 827213.5 20680.3 C
Bonferonni/Dunn test on cost-distances
Conclusion
« Figure à Franges » and Regular shape
“Figures à Franges” are the category of engraving the most related to some
geographicals elements : lakes and streams.
Conclusion
Studies of surimpositions of engravings seem to prove that “Figures à
Franges”, anthropomorphics figures, are within the most ancient pecked
engravings....
Considering the numerous lakes, the occupation of the region during early
Neolithic and the importance of water to growths plants, a non trivial
hypothesis is to link the meaning of “Figures à Franges” to the lakes and
streams.
In the next years, we will improve the DEM and also create routines of analysis to
better understand others relations between engravings and their environnement
Thank You