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Presentation about Linux distributions with some details about Ubuntu Server Edition
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Linux distributions. Ubuntu Server
Dragoş Acostăchioaiehttp://[email protected]
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What is a Linux distribution?
A package which consists in:
✗ the Linux kernel
✗ libraries and utilities
✗ lot of applications
✗ installation and configuration tools
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
Types of Linux distributions
Target platform:
✗ for desktops
✗ for servers
✗ for laptops and netbooks
✗ for tablets and mobile phones
✗ for embedded systems
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
Types of Linux distributions
License and availability:
✗ commercial (RedHat Enterprise, SuSe, ...)
✗ non-commercial (Ubuntu, Fedora, ...)
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
Types of Linux distributions
Addressability:
✗ home and office users
✗ professional users (programmers, admins, ...)
✗ specialized users (scientists, chemists, teachers, ...)
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
Types of Linux distributions
Purpose:
✗ general use
✗ specialized functionalities (routers, clusters, ...)
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
Types of Linux distributions
Live Linux distributions
✗ can be booted from USB flash drive, CD, ...
✗ no need to install it
✗ useful for trying it and for demonstrations
✗ useful to repair a broken system
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
How many Linux distributions exists?
✗ over 300 maintained distributions (distrowatch.com)
✗ many distributions are based on other distribution http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Linux_Distribution_Timeline.svg
✗ the most important distributions are:
✗ Debian
✗ RedHat/Fedora
✗ Ubuntu
✗ Slackware
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What is the package management ?
✗ a package is a set of files needed for an application (executable files, scripts, libraries, configuration files, documentation, ...)
✗ relations between packages
✗ one of the most important part of a Linux distribution is the package management system
✗ DEB – used by Debian-based distributions (Ubuntu, Linux Mint, ...)
✗ RPM – used by Fedora-based distributions (CentOS, OpenSUSE, ...)
✗ Pacman – used by Arch-based distributions (Chakra, Bridge, ...)
✗ pkgtool – used by Slackware-based distributions (Kongoni, VectorLinux, ...)
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
Why are so many Linux distributions?
Different development model:
✗ Windows/MacOS – centralized (corporate) development
✗ FreeBSD – only one distribution, important decisions aretaken by a small group of people
✗ Linux – only kernel development is controlled by a groupof people (headed by Linus Torvalds). Everyone is free tomake it's own Linux distribution
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
How to choose a Linux distribution?
There are no rules. Some hints:
✗ what are you going to do with it?
✗ how easy is to install it?
✗ how good is the documentation?
✗ have a strong community base (easy to solve problems usingforums, blogs, IRC, ...)
✗ is a wide-spread distribution? (larger applicationavailability, more tested, ...)
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
How to choose a Linux distribution?
There are no rules. Some hints:
✗ how new are the package versions? (up-to-date withnew facilities, good security, ...)
✗ how often does it change?
✗ how easy is to update packages?
✗ how easy is to update to a newer distribution version?
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
How to choose a Linux distribution?
In many cases, choosing a Linux distribution
is a matter of taste.
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What are the most popular Linux distributions?
Debian
✗ very large community base
✗ good security; very stable, tested and reliable
✗ slow release cycle (1-3 years), in three branches:stable, testing, unstable
✗ very good for professionals
✗ it supports a big number of platforms (11)
✗ lacks the latest Linux technologies
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What are the most popular Linux distributions?
Ubuntu – based on Debian
✗ Kubuntu – the KDE version of Ubuntu
✗ Xubuntu – Xfce version of Ubuntu
✗ Lubuntu – LXDE version of Ubuntu
✗ Edubuntu – educational version of Ubuntu
✗ Ubuntu server – server version of Ubuntu
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What are the most popular Linux distributions?
Ubuntu – based on Debian
✗ very large community base
✗ good security (LTS have 3-5 years of security updates)
✗ relatively short, predictable (6 months), release cycle
✗ very good for beginners (easy to install, good documentation, ...)
✗ project started and financed by Mark Shuttleworth, a charismaticSouth-african multimillionaire, former Debian developer
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What are the most popular Linux distributions?
Linux Mint – based on Ubuntu
✗ large community base
✗ many own-built elements (artwork, graphical utilities, ...)
✗ doesn't have a fixed release schedule
✗ very good for beginners (easy to install, good documentation, ...)
✗ community editions doesn't include all the features and lackssecurity updates
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What are the most popular Linux distributions?
Fedora
✗ very large community base
✗ good security
✗ predictable release cycle
✗ focus on enterprise features, less on desktop usability
✗ good for professional users
✗ sponsored by RedHat, the biggest Linux company
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What are the most popular Linux distributions?
CentOS – based on RedHat
✗ relatively large community base
✗ good security, but not always up-to-date
✗ oriented on server usage, very stable, tested and reliable
✗ lacks the latest Linux technologies
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What are the most popular Linux distributions?
ArchLinux
✗ follows the KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) philosophy
✗ very good package management system; it permits toinstall the packages from source code
✗ lot of customization and tweaking options
✗ very good documentation
✗ focused on professional users
✗ doesn't have a fixed release schedule
✗ sometimes unstable
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What are the most popular Linux distributions?
Slackware
✗ follows the simplicity philosophy
✗ rudimentary package management system
✗ very stable clean as bug-free, used as core system forcustom solutions
✗ complex upgrade procedures, limited number ofavailable packages
✗ good for professional users
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What are the most popular Linux distributions?
OpenSUSE
✗ large community base, very popular in Germany and otherEuropean countries
✗ good security, well maintained
✗ predictable release cycle
✗ good for all kind of users; very good documentation
✗ good configuration tools
✗ resource-heavy desktop and graphical utilities
✗ originally based on Slackware, uses RPM package manager
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What are the most popular Linux distributions?
PCLinuxOS
✗ relatively large community
✗ good security
✗ doesn't have a fixed release schedule; conservative politics
✗ very good for beginners; includes out-of-the-box support forgraphic drivers, browser plugins and media codecs
✗ doesn't include default support for non-english languages
✗ originally based on Mandrake, uses RPM
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
What are the most popular Linux distributions?
Mageia
✗ growing community base, very new distribution (since 2010)
✗ predictable release cycle (9 months)
✗ very good for beginners (easy to install)
✗ very good central configuration tool
✗ very good support for many languages
✗ continuation of Mandriva, uses RPM
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
Ubuntu Server
Server and desktop differences
✗ both editions uses the same package repository
✗ Server edition doesn't have X Window
✗ Server edition have a different installation process(it uses a text user interface)
✗ Server edition have different kernel options
✗ Server edition doesn't have graphical configuration tools
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
Ubuntu Server
Advantages:
✗ very clean
✗ good security (security updates, long term security updatesfor LTS releases – 5 years)
✗ stable and reliable, well tested✗
✗ good documentation
✗ easy to install
✗ lot of packages in Ubuntu repositories
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
Ubuntu Server
Ubuntu Server is certified with big companies hardware:
✗ Lenovo
✗ Dell
✗ IBM
✗ HP
✗ Intel
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
Ubuntu Server
Ubuntu Server includes virtualization support:
✗ KVM - used on Intel and AMD hardware)
✗ Xen, Qemu – for other hardware
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
Ubuntu Server
Ubuntu Server is ready for cloud computing:
✗ 13.04 offers a complete solution for building highlyavailable, flexible and secure OpenStack production clouds
✗ easy and fast to install a OpenStack cloud
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013
Dragoş Acostăchioaie - http://www.unixinside.org
Ubuntu Server
Any questions?
Şcoala de vară “Informatică la castel”, Macea, 26 – 31 august 2013