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Unit 1: Web FundamentalsLesson 2: Learning to Use HTML
August 23, 2013
2
Lesson 2: Learning to Use HTML
Introduction to HTML
Learning to Use HTML
HTML and Email
Pictures, Video, and
Media
HTML and Forms
Search Engine
Optimization
Learning to Use CSS
Introduction to CSS
Reusing Code
3 Ways to Use CSS
Separation of Concerns
Launching Your Own Website
Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4
Lesson 8 Lesson 7 Lesson 6 Lesson 5
Lesson 9 Lesson 10 Lesson 11 Lesson 12
Build understanding Develop skills
3
Recap from last time (I)
• HTML, CSS, jQuery, and Javascript form the building blocks of most websites
HTML is the structure/skeleton
CSS is the presentation/clothing
jQuery/Javascript is the action/movement
4
Recap from last time (II)
• When we navigate to a website, our request is transmitted to a server which sends us the files to load the page
• Any local changes we make can be seen on our computer only
HAHAHA
RouterISP
Facebook server
Amazon server
Youtube server
DNS
Let’s try creating our own HTML file
• We’ve already seen lots of websites created with HTML
• It’s easy to do ourselves!
5
Remember this?
Our first HTML file (I)
1. If using a PC, open the Notepad application. If on a Mac, open TextEdit
2. Type “I am master of the internet!”
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MacPC
Our first HTML file (II)
3. Save the file by going to ‘File’‘Save As…’ (PC) or ‘File’‘Save’ (Mac)
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MacPC
Our first HTML file (III)
4. If using a PC, delete “.txt” and rename it to “.html”. If on a Mac, change the ‘File Format’ to ‘Web Page (.html)’
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MacPC
Our first HTML file (IV)
5. Name the file “my-first-page” (don’t forget where you saved it!) and hit ‘Save’.
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MacPC
Our first HTML file (V)
6. Let’s see what our file looks like in our browser. Open up your Chrome browser. If using a PC, press the Ctrl key and then press the “O” key (as in Orange). If on a Mac, go to ‘FileOpen File’.
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MacPC
Our first HTML file (VI)
7. Now locate the file, select it, and click ‘Open’
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MacPC
Our first HTML file (VII)
8. There we go!
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This part may look different for you
Something looks different…
• If you look at the address in the bar (known as a URI, or Uniform Resource Identifier), you’ll see it looks different from most websites you are familiar with
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HTTP vs. File
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Most website URIs look like this:
or like this, for short:
Addresses for files on your computer look like this:
• HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol
• This basically tells your computer to find this address on the internet
• File tells your computer to look for this address on your local computer
What exactly is a web browser?
• A web browser is an application used to access and display web pages and other content on the internet
• In the same way that Microsoft Word is used to open a .doc file and Adobe is used to open a .pdf file, a browser is used to open a .html file
15
opens
.doc files
opens
.pdf files
opens
.html files
Why are there so many different browsers? (I)
• So far, we have been using our Chrome browser, but there are many different web browsers to choose from:
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Chrome Internet Explorer
Firefox
Safari Opera
Why are there so many different browsers? (II)
• There are different browsers for the same reason there are so many different brands of cars
• Like with cars, the basic function of all browsers is the same – to take the HTML code a server sends us and make it appear on our screen
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Ford Vauxhall BMW
Ferrari Hummer
Why are there so many different browsers? (III)
• Like with cars, the basic function of all browsers is the same – to take the HTML code a server sends us and make it appear on our screen
• Each browser does things a little differently: • Some are faster• Some look cooler• Some are easier-to-use• Some have just been around for as long as anyone can remember
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Summary
• A web browser is an application used to access and display web pages and other content on the internet
• There are many different browsers, but they all have the same basic function – to load HTML files
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Chrome Internet Explorer
Firefox Safari Opera
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What to do on your own
1. Go to URL to complete the Codecademy course online
2. Do the practice set on the material learned
3. Take the follow-up quiz to test your understanding