University of SulaimaniaSchool of ScienceDepartment of Biology2nd Class Year

Practical Entomology 2011-2012

Lecturer: Farhad A. Khudhur

12th Lab.

Insects’ Respiratory Apparatus

Objective

• This Lab. making the students to be familiar with different insects respiratory apparatus.

• Students must know more details about the diversity in respiratory apparatus of aquatic and terrestrial insects.

RespirationRespiration

• Tracheae – chitinous tubesTracheae – chitinous tubes• Tracheoles – fine, intercellular tubesTracheoles – fine, intercellular tubes• Spiracles – openings of tracheaeSpiracles – openings of tracheae

– With closing deviceWith closing device– Primitively 1 lateral pair/segmentPrimitively 1 lateral pair/segment– Sometimes modifiedSometimes modified

• PiercingPiercing• TelescopingTelescoping• ““Spiracular gill”Spiracular gill”

• Body WallBody Wall– Undifferentiated integumentUndifferentiated integument– Tracheal gillsTracheal gills

Spiracular DistributionSpiracular Distribution

– Polypneustic at least 8 pairs of spiracles (e.g., Polypneustic at least 8 pairs of spiracles (e.g., adults of terrestrial insects)adults of terrestrial insects)

– Oligopneustic – 1-2 pairs of spiraclesOligopneustic – 1-2 pairs of spiracles• Amphipneustic – 1 pr mesothorax, 1 pair post-Amphipneustic – 1 pr mesothorax, 1 pair post-

abdominal (e.g., Trichoptera: Psychodidae larvae)abdominal (e.g., Trichoptera: Psychodidae larvae)• Metapneustic – 1 pair post-abdominal (e.g., Metapneustic – 1 pair post-abdominal (e.g.,

Diptera: Culicidae larvae)Diptera: Culicidae larvae)• Propneustic – 1 pair mesothorax (e.g., dipterous Propneustic – 1 pair mesothorax (e.g., dipterous

pupae)pupae)

– Apneustic – no spiracles (e.g., Apneustic – no spiracles (e.g., Ephemeroptera and odonata larvae)Ephemeroptera and odonata larvae)

References

• Gillot, Cedric. (2005). Entomology. 3rd ed. Springer, Dordrecht., The Netherlands. 831 pp.

• Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd edition. Volume 3, Insects, edited by Michael Hutchins, Arthur V. Evans, Rosser W. Garrison,

• Resh, Vincent H. & Cardé, Ring T. (2003). Encyclopedia of Insects. USA. Academic Press, Elsevier Science, 1266 pp.

• Elzinga, Richard J. (1997). Fundamentals of Entomology. 4th ed. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 475 pp.

• Gullan, P.J. and Cranston, P.S. (). The insects: An Outline of Entomology. 3rd ed. U.K. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 505 pp.