Micro Hydro Project For Rural Electrification

MOHD FAUZI ISMAIL GENERAL MANAGER

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH CENTRE SIRIM

Presentation Outlines

• Malaysia’s Micro Grid & Rural Electrification

• Micro Hydro

• SIRIM’s Experience in Micro Hydro Projects

• Project Pre-Feasibility Study

• Project Implementation

• Other RE Projects For Community.

• Conclusion

Malaysia Micro Grid & Rural Electrification

Hydropower in SEA Source: World Small Hydropower

Development Report 2013

Rural Electrification.

Source: KKLW & Pemandu

People in rural and remote regions are acquiring improved access to energy in three ways: (1) at the household level, using isolated devices and systems for power generation, heating, and cooking; (2) through community-level mini-grid systems; (3)through grid-based electrification, where the grid is extended beyond urban areas.

Rural Electrification

Malaysia Micro Grid Market.

1. The MicroGrid Market is driven by rural electrification projects in Sabah and Sarawak.

2. Rural areas have bad road connectivity which makes it tough to obtain right of way for constructing transmission lines, thus making it favorable for establishing Microgrid with RE.

3. Some several remote villages are powered by diesel generator; high electricity production cost and diesel transportation issues.

4. Sabah and Sarawak can rely on potential RE resources such as Solar, Hydro, Biomass and Wind.

Cont..

Restraints:

1. Scarcity of skilled labor for the smooth running of microgrids

2. Acquiring unregistered land for building the projects

3. Transportation issue while constructing at remote sites with no road connectivity

4. High Capital cost discouraging private parties to own a micro grid.

In many rural areas of developing countries, connections to central electric grids are economically prohibitive and may take decades to materialise, if at all. Moreover, grid connectivity does not address the need for access to sustainable heating and cooking options. Renewable energy systems offer an unprecedented opportunity to accelerate the transition to modern energy services in remote and rural areas, by increasing access to sustainable cooking and heating devices; affordable lighting, communications, and refrigeration; improved public health.

The utilization of renewable energy in rural area.

Rural Electrification: Solar Hybrid

Source: KKLW & Pemandu

MICRO HYDRO

Type / size Electricity Generation

Big Hydro > 100 MW (grid connected)

Small Hydro 1 MW – 100 MW

Mini-hydro 100 kW – 1000 kW

Micro-hiydro 5 kW – 100 kW

Pico-hydro < 5k W

Classification of Hydro System

Micro-Hydro Power(MHP)

Clean and

renewable

Beneficial for rural electrification and rural economy development .

Higher energy payback ratio (Energy output/ Energy consume), less

land requirement and gas emission

Type of energy Energy payback

ratio Land requirement

(km2/TWh) Gas emission

(KT.eq.CO2/TWh)

Hydropower (run-

of-river) 267 0.1 1

Hydropower (reservoir)

205 152 15

Wind power 39 72 9

Photovoltaic 9 45 13

Nuclear 16 0.5

Conventional thermal

5-11 4 974

What are the manifold benefits of SHP?

Rich resources, widely spread;

Renewable, decentralized, simple and well-developed technology;

Cost-effective energy

Generation Technology

Invested Cost Generation Cost

International ($/kW)

China (Yuan/kW) International

(￠/kWh) China (RMB cent/kWh)

Small hydro 800-6,000 6,000-10,000 4-10 5-10

Large hydro 4,000-5,000 2-8

Wind power 1,000-2,000 9,000-12,000 5-13 40-50

Photovoltaic 20,000-30,000 25-125 100-300

What are the manifold benefits of SHP?

Cost comparison of renewable energies

SIRIM’S EXPERIENCE IN MICRO HYDRO

SIRIM Micro Hydro System: 3 Locations

Kg Sri Stamang 2, Lubok Antu, Sarawak (18.3kW)

Lembah Temir, Raub, Pahang (15.5kW)

Kg. Libang, Tambunan Sabah (5kW)

System Developed by SIRIM

Micro Hydro at Kg Sri Stamang 2

Another Project For an Eco Resort

Project Pre-Feasibility Study

Pre-Feasibility Study

1. Hyrology To ensure micro hydro system is able to operate in sustainable manner. Studies include: I. Dependable Discharge II. Flood Discharge III. Catchment Area IV. Potential Energy

Pre-Feasibility Study

i. ‘Dependable Discharge’ to determine the type of turbine and civil structure.

Pre-Feasibility Study

ii. ‘Flood Discharge’ to determine suitable location for civil structure from flood prone area.

PreFeasibility Study

iii. ‘Catchment Area’ to ensure continuous supply of water.

Prefeasibility Study

iv. Potential Power; To determine suitable design of civil structure for optimum micro hydro power..

Prefeasibility Study

2. Socioeconomic Study Structure of Community, quality of life and its relationships

Settlement Growth Mobility

Interrelationship between, social, culture, environment and economy.

Culture Social Processes Hierarchy in community Household economy

Design and Construction Study.

Civil & Structure: i. Intake weir and settling

basin ii. Water Channel iii. Forebay tank iv. Penstock v. Power House Electro-mechanical: i. Turbine ii. Generator Elektrical & Transmission i. Control Unit ii. Poles iii. Transmission Cables

1. Micro Hydro Components

2. Selection of appropriate Technology and type of Turbine. Pelton Francis Turgo Cross-flow Multi-jet pelton Kaplan Propeller

Design and Construction

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE …Community Support

• Operation Module. • Training for Maintenance • Collection of fund to support sustainable operation of

micro hydro system.

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

Kampung Sri Stamang 2

Micro-hydro Project by SIRIM

Kampung Sri Stamang 2, Lubok Antu, Sarawak

‘Rumah panjang’ + Klinik Desa (~ 240 orang)

Location: Sungai Ubo

Power Generation: 18.3 kW

Type of Turbine: Crossflow

Construction: Okt 2010 – July 2011

Commissioning Date: 29 February 2012

Logistic: Kg Sri Stamang 2

Overall Project Layout:

Under Construction..

Power House.

Project Completion..

Benefits • Community can now rely on 24 hrs of cheap

and sustainable source of energy.

• Community can sustain the operation and maintenance through training and villager’s participation.

• Due to difference in electricity load requirement, nearby clinic benefits from Micro Hydro project..

Other RE Projects For Community

• This is a 10kW capacity Project. It is divided into two systems; 5kW using thin film module and another 5 kw using mono crystalline module.

• Both systems have been completed and fully installed

• This project has received quota of SEDA at RM 1.20 per kwh

• Commercial start of date(NCOD) starting on 7 December 2014

• REPPHA application has been applied with the TNB for purchase agreement between the owner and the TNB

• Testing and commissioning were carried out after the installation of TNB solar PV meter.

CONCLUSION

• RE will continue to play important roles towards rural electrification, especially in Sabah and Sarawak.

• Micro Hydro provides sustainable form of energy for community.

• Other RE ; Solar, Wind may also be considered for remote island communities.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION