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Know your Camera Essential Settings
*Adapted from Travis Feil’s presentation
Photoshop can’t do it all…
It is true that Photoshop can do amazing things. However, the more you know before you take the
shot, the better your pictures will turn out.
Advanced cameras like the ones we use can take great pictures in the fully automatic mode, but your pictures will be better if you adjust settings manually.
There are three basic features you should master in
order to take great pictures. Finding the correct balance of these three features will help you achieve great photography.
Auto Mode
Manual Settings
Auto Mode
Manual Settings
Auto Mode
Manual Settings
Auto Mode
Manual Settings
Auto Mode
Manual Settings
Auto Mode
Manual Settings
Glossary Time
Exposure: – Refers to the correct lighting of all objects
in a photograph.
Underexposure
Too dark Lacks definition Details lost
Overexposure
Too bright Lacks details Definition lost “Overblown”
Proper Exposure
“Just right” lighting Defined details
Glossary Time
Metering: – Using the camera’s metering scale to
determine correct exposure. – Your camera tells you the settings to use!
Glossary Time
ISO: – The camera’s sensitivity to light.
– Also known as “film speed” for those who have actually used real film.
– Useless info in case you’re curious: ISO is from “International Standards Organization” originally ASA from “American Standards Association.” They just made sure all film, no matter where it was made or purchased, was properly labeled.
Glossary Time
ISO:
Glossary Time
Shutter speed: – The speed at which the camera’s “eye”
opens and closes.
Glossary Time
Shutter speed:
Glossary Time
Aperture: – The size of the eye in the camera. – Most commonly known as “F-Stop”
Glossary Time
Aperture:
Each Word Matters
So far we’ve defined – Exposure – ISO – Shutter Speed – Aperture
Now let’s see how they affect pictures.
ISO
Sensitivity to light. Displayed as a whole number:
– 100 – 200 – 400 – 800 – 1600 – 3200
Lower numbers mean – less sensitive = less exposure = less light = darker pictures
Higher numbers mean – more sensitive = more exposure = more light = brighter pictures
ISO
What’s the ISO on this camera right now?
ISO
What’s the ISO on this camera right now?
ISO
DOES affect image quality. – Higher ISO = grain and noise
Will probably remain the same for the whole shoot unless lighting changes.
Use the lowest setting possible.
“Set it and forget it.”
ISO
To properly expose an image in… …bright, natural light, use ____ ISO. …dimly lit situations, use a ____ ISO
ISO
To properly expose an image in… …bright, natural light, use LOW ISO. …dimly lit situations, use a HIGH ISO
ISO
On a bright sunny day, an ISO of 1600 will probably make my pictures turn out…
…completely white (over exposed) …completely dark (under exposed)
ISO
On a bright sunny day, an ISO of 1600 will probably make my pictures turn out…
…completely white (over exposed) …completely dark (under exposed)
ISO
In a dimly lit classroom, an ISO of 100 will probably produce an image that is…
…completely white (over exposed) …completely dark (under exposed)
ISO
In a dimly lit classroom, an ISO of 100 will probably produce an image that is…
…completely white (over exposed) …completely dark (under exposed)
Shutter Speed
The speed at which the eye “blinks.”
When you push the shutter release button, the internal eye opens and closes to let light in and create an image.
The amount of light that gets in affects exposure.
Shutter Speed
Shutter Speed
Usually appears as a fraction but might be a whole number on the screen. Refers to a fraction of 1 second.
“30 (30 seconds - “slow blink”) “4 (4 seconds) 1/80 (one 80th of one second) 1/250 (one 250th of one second) 1/500 (one 500th of one second) 1/4000 (one 4000th of one second - “fast blink”)
Shutter Speed
Think exposure… – If I leave the “eye” open for 30 seconds,
my image will be…
…brighter (over exposed) …darker (under exposed)
Shutter Speed
Think exposure… – If I leave the “eye” open for 30 seconds,
my image will be…
…brighter (over exposed) …darker (under exposed)
Shutter Speed
Think exposure… – If I only leave the “eye” open for 1/1000
of 1 second, my image will be… …brighter (over exposed) …darker (under exposed)
Shutter Speed
Think exposure… – If I only leave the “eye” open for 1/1000
of 1 second, my image will be… …brighter (over exposed) …darker (under exposed)
Shutter Speed
What is the shutter speed on this camera right now? (Ignore the red box - that isn’t it.)
Shutter Speed
What is the shutter speed on this camera right now?
Shutter Speed
In addition to exposure…
– A slower shutter speed (lower number) can create blur in the action.
– A faster shutter speed (higher number)
freezes quick action.
– 1/60 can capture good still frames. – 1/500 will stop a tennis racquet in swing.
Shutter Speed
VERY Slow shutter speed - people have to stand still. A tripod should be used to
prevent the subject from being blurry. 1/60 or Lower= tripod
Shutter Speed
Fast shutter speed stops action.
Shutter Speed
Fast shutter speed stops action.
ISO + Shutter Speed
Think about the relationship between the 2 settings we’ve discussed.
– If you increase ISO, your picture will
become lighter or overexposed. – You can increase shutter speed to
balance that and make your picture darker…back to what it needs to be for proper exposure.
– It’s like a teeter-totter.
ISO + Shutter Speed
Think about the relationship between the 2 settings we’ve discussed.
– If your ISO is low, your image will be
darker. – You can decrease shutter speed to let in
more light and make the image brighter.
ISO + Shutter Speed Lower shutter speed
creates blur of the Benton player.
Low shutter speed lets in too much light.
ISO must be adjusted down to compensate.
IS0 = 200
Shutter Speed = 1/200
Aperture (F-Stop)
The size of the eye that “blinks.” This setting is “backwards” or
counterintuitive. The lower the F-Stop number, the bigger the eye. – F3.5 = big eye – F21 = little eye
The bigger the eye, the greater the exposure (more light gets in).
Aperture (F-Stop)
Appears as an F-Number combination The lower the number, the bigger the
eye.
– F 3.5 (big opening, lots of light, more exposure) – F 6 (medium opening, medium light) – F 11 (small opening, little light)
Aperture (F-Stop)
Aperture
Think exposure… – If I have a “big eye” (low F-Stop), my
image will be…
…brighter (over exposed) …darker (under exposed)
Aperture
Think exposure… – If I have a “big eye” (low F-Stop), my
image will be…
…brighter (over exposed) …darker (under exposed)
Aperture
Think exposure… – If I have a “small eye” (high F-Stop), my
image will be…
…brighter (over exposed) …darker (under exposed)
Aperture
Think exposure… – If I have a “small eye” (high F-Stop), my
image will be…
…brighter (over exposed) …darker (under exposed)
Aperture
What is the aperture setting on this camera right now?
Aperture
What is the aperture setting on this camera right now?
Aperture
An F4.0 will let in… – Lots of light
– Little light
Aperture
An F4.0 will let in… – Lots of light
– Little light
Aperture
In addition to exposure, aperture affects “depth of field.”
– “Shallow Depth of Field” = subject in focus but background blurred.
Small F-Stop number
– “Greater Depth of Field” = All objects in focus
Larger F-Stop number
Aperture
Lower F-Stop (3.5) = blurred background
Aperture
Lower F-Stop (3.5) = blurred background
Aperture
Higher F-Stop (16) = all in focus
Aperture
Higher F-Stop (16) = all in focus
Aperture + ISO + Shutter Speed
Think about the relationship of all the settings together… – If I want to blur a background, my F-Stop
must be low. – This causes a bigger eye which lets in
more light and may cause my picture to be over exposed.
– There are 2 adjustments I can make to solve the problem… Decrease ISO Increase Shutter Speed
Aperture + ISO + Shutter Speed
Think about the relationship of all the settings together… – If I want a crisp foreground AND
background, my F-Stop will be higher. – This causes a smaller eye which lets in
less light and may cause my picture to be under exposed.
– There are 2 adjustments I can make to solve the problem… Increase ISO Decrease Shutter Speed
Aperture + ISO + Shutter Speed
Each setting change affects exposure.
Each setting change affects the other settings.
If you understand what each one does,
you can take better pictures.
Making Pictures v. Taking Pictures
First, consider your lighting conditions: the type of light you’re shooting in, the direction its coming from, etc.
Set your ISO to the lowest possible
setting for those conditions. Visualize the image you want and set
the camera for those priorities.
Aperture + ISO + Shutter Speed
Conditions: dimly lit tunnels. Requires higher ISO 1600
Aperture + ISO + Shutter Speed
Desired shot: Bulb in focus, background blurred. Requires Extremely slow shutter speed Bulb setting or 1/4
Aperture + ISO + Shutter Speed
Compensation: with such a high ISO and slow shutter speed, the image is WAY overexposed. To balance, increase F-Stop Eye is smaller less light gets in!
Aperture + ISO + Shutter Speed
Conditions: very sunny day, outdoors
Low ISO - no need for an overly sensitive camera 200
Aperture + ISO + Shutter Speed
Desire shot: selective focus background
Requires low F-Stop - 3.5 Causes image to be over exposed because the eye is so large
Aperture + ISO + Shutter Speed
Compensation: increase shutter speed
Decrease the time the camera is exposed to light 1/1000 Balances the effects of large aperture
Aperture + ISO + Shutter Speed
Conditions: outdoors in low shade Medium-range ISO
600
Aperture + ISO + Shutter Speed
Desired shot: Blurry background, focus on the subject Requires low F-Stop to blur background.
F5.6 Requires medium shutter speed to ensure subject (young child) is in focus Even though she was moving. 1/400
Aperture + ISO + Shutter Speed
Compensation: if F5.6 with a 1/400 shutter speed does not expose properly, adjust ISO.
Review ISO 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1600
camera is: Less Sensitive More Sensitive makes my pic: Darker Lighter
Shutter Speed “30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4000
eyes blinks: Slower Faster makes my pic: Lighter Darker other effects: Motion blurred Frozen Action
Aperture F3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F22
eye is: Larger Smaller makes my pic: Lighter Darker other effects: Blurred background Crisp background
Q & A