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Trocaire Disaster risk reduction prog: Drought in Kenya
SCR workshop
Trocaire drought programme
A 3 year livelihoods/DRR prog
Approx. 3 million Euros
It has an inbuilt DRR approach
CC mainstreamed
Drought is the main hazard
Why adopt DRR
To address disasters through development
programmes
To combine short, medium and long-term
strategies to deal with disasters
The development context is changing
A world of increasing disaster risk?
Indian Ocean Tsunami
250 000 lives lost Hurricane Katrina
US$200 billion
South Asian Earthquake
3 million homelessFamine in Africa
Millions at-risk
The growing burden ofThe growing burden of
disaster losses in poordisaster losses in poor
countriescountries
Disaster Losses, Total and as Share of GDP, 1985-99
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Richest
Countries
Poorest
Countries
Los
se
s U
S$
Bil
lion
0
5
10
15
20
% G
NP
(n
om
ina
l)
Total
Economic
Losses
Losses as
Share of
GD P
Africa – a complex risk profile
The most important shift in
international emphasis is:
Managing
disaster events
Managing disaster
risks
Primary focus on
preparedness and
relief
Primary focus on
reducing disaster risks
developmentally
From To
Trocaire DRR in the field: the tool kit
• Comprises older ‘used tools’ from disaster management
• Includes ‘newer tools’ from the disaster risk reductionframework
Drought disasters in Kenya
How Trócaire is responding to drought
through DRR
12 major drought events in the last 50yrs
ASALS affected by drought and CC is a
catalyst
Bridging scope of DRR in drought-prone areas
Short-term
Classic
„humanitarian
action‟
Drought
mitigation
Med-long-term
Drought prep. &
response
Developmental
risk reduction
Climate change
adaptation
strategies
Long-term
Sustainable
Development
Aim at strengthening early warning
Improve readiness measures to respond in the
event of a drought.
Ensure human capacity for drought response
Drought preparedness, & response
Drought mitigation
A mitigation approach assumes:
„drought can happen during any season … but
we don‟t know how severe, what extent… or
how long…‟
So… we „introduce drought-proofing’
measures into agriculture, water, financing,
public services… into all drought sensitive
services/programmes as a developmental
priority…
Adaptation to climate change
long-term programming to reduce dependency on rain-fed agriculture in drought-exposed areas.
Creative strategies for improving effectiveness of existing rainwater harvesting mechanisms.
Drought risk reduction can help reduce short-term impacts – but should also aim at building capacity to adapt to expected climate change impacts
Identification of hazards, risks, vulnerabilities and capacity
Using the formulae;
Risk=HazardxVulnerabilityCapacity
& practice of DRR
Taking action to reduce risks through reducing hazards and vulnerability and increasing capacity
Risk=HazardxVulnerability
Capacity
Let‟s looks at 3 Hazards
Malaria, Drought, Floods:
Q. What do we know about the hazard e.g. cause, seasonality, location, impact etc.?
Q. Who is most vulnerable? Why/what makes people most vulnerable?
Q. What can de done to reduce risk?
Q. What can we do as Trocaire?
Planning methodology used
Participatory Risk Analysis (PRA) and
mapping methodology
Combines PRA and use of georeferencing
using GPS technology
Hazard, vulnerability, capacity, disaster and risk reduction
Helmet: Increased capacity
Trap: The hazardRat: Vulnerable
population
Unsafe
conditions to
be avoided
In times of drought,
We protect distress sale of household assets
We utilize food-for-work/Assets to enhance
drought preparedness through enhancing
community productive and protective
capacities
Construction soil & water conservation structures during drought-preparedness
After the rains
Intercropping on terraces
Drought resistant & early maturing varieties- CC adaptation
Cereal seedling transplanting-CCA
Sorghum seed (seedbed stage) during the dry season
Sorghum seedlings transplanted after 35-45 days (Main farm)
at the onset of rains
“Garden in a sack” farming- CCA
After drought we facilitate recovery thus drought mitigation
So we rebuild livelihood assets lost through
drought eg limited restocking
We return households to normalcy or higher
livelihood levels
We supply “seed” livestock
We restock camels: Drought mitigation
We restock goats
Building resilience of livelihood assets
Improve quantity: numbers
Improve quality of produce
Improve marketing
etc
Aim is to ensure the people and their assets can defend themselves and withstand the next drought
Community capacity building
Numbers to resist drought
Breed improvement
We improve access to resources to build people’s resilience
Land – through policy advocacy
Water
Incomes
Nature-based-enterprises
etc
Water: Domestic and livestock
cont
Irrigation- CC adaptation
irrigation
More water harvesting – rock catchments, sand dams
Policy work on CC
UNFCCC Advocacy
National advocacy, e.g. CC Bill
Shukrani