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Andrew Rose (UK Community member) presentation on the use of the .htaccess file and Joomla! and how to redirect pages properly part of the Hosting and Security track
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Joomla! Day UK 2009
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Joomla! Day UK 2009Effective use of the .htaccess file
& Redirection
Andrew RoseInch Hosting
http://www.inchhosting.co.uk/The UK Joomla! Specialists
Introduction
• Background
• Exploit Blocking
• Rewrites - SEF
• Redirects
• Security
• Other
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Background
• Apache Servers!• Regular Expressions
Eleven characters with special meanings:opening square bracket [
backslash \
caret ^
dollar sign $
period or dot .
vertical bar or pipe symbol |
question mark ?
asterisk or star *
plus sign +
opening round bracket (
closing round bracket )
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Block Exploits## This attempts to block the most common type of exploit `attempts` to Joomla!
#
# Block out any script trying to set a mosConfig value through the URL
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} mosConfig_[a-zA-Z_]{1,21}(=|\%3D) [OR]
# Block out any script trying to base64_encode crap to send via URL
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} base64_encode.*\(.*\) [OR]
# Block out any script that includes a <script> tag in URL
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (\<|%3C).*script.*(\>|%3E) [NC,OR]
# Block out any script trying to set a PHP GLOBALS variable via URL
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} GLOBALS(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2}) [OR]
# Block out any script trying to modify a _REQUEST variable via URL
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} _REQUEST(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})
# Send all blocked request to homepage with 403 Forbidden error!
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php [F,L]
#
########## End - Rewrite rules to block out some common exploits
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Rewrites – SEF########## Begin - Joomla! core SEF Section
#
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/index.php
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (/|\.php|\.html|\.htm|\.feed|\.pdf|\.raw|/[^.]*)$ [NC]
RewriteRule (.*) index.php
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization},L]
#
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Redirects
• Rewrite URLs to allow various redirections
• e.g. Re-write www.inchdesign.co.uk to a directory located inchhosting.co.uk/design/RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} inchdesign.co.uk
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/design
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ design/$1 [L]
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Security – Password Protection
• .htpasswd (put it out of the web accessible site)
username:password (password needs to be encrypted - http://www.tools.dynamicdrive.com/password/)
• .htaccessAuthUserFile /root to your password file/.htpasswd
AuthGroupFile /dev/null AuthName EnterPassword
AuthType Basic require user username (the username you want to give access to)
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Security – IP Protection
• AuthName "Protected Content"AuthType Basic
order deny,allowdeny from all
allow from 255.255.255.255
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Other
• SetEnv DEFAULT_PHP_VERSION 5
• php_flag register_globals off
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