Specialised cells

Cells may be specialised to carry out a particular function

Palisade cells

• Large surface area.• Many tightly packed

chloroplasts.

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Root hair cells

• Thin membrane.• Large surface area.

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Guard cells

• Half-circle shape.• Found in pairs.

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Xylem cells

• Hollow.• Form long tubes.• Walls contain lignin.

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Epidermal cells

• Closely fitting.• Thin waxy layer.

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B2 1 Cells

Animal cells – structure and function

Fat cells

• Have little normal cytoplasm.

• Have few mitochondria.

• Can expand up to 1000x.

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Neurones

• Long and thin.• Form connections

with other neurones.• Can carry electrical

impulses in one direction.

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Red blood cells

• Large surface area.• Small diameter.• No nucleus.• Contain haemoglobin.

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Muscle cells

• Elongated.• Contain many

mitochondria.• Can contract.

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Sperm cells

• Large nucleus.• Contain digestive

enzymes.• Many mitochondria.• Have long tail.

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Gland cells

• Large cells.• Lie next to blood

capillaries.• Able to manufacture

and secrete chemicals.

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Egg cells

• Large in diameter.• Contain stored food.• Large nucleus.

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