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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 1
Chapter 7: Printers and Scanners
IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software v4.0
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 2© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
After completing this chapter, you will meet these learning outcomes:
Describe the types of printers currently available
Describe the installation and configuration process for printers
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 3© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Chapter 7 Labs
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 4© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Introduction Printers produce paper copies of electronic files.
Hard copies of computer documents remain important today.
Scanners allow users to convert paper documents intoelectronic files.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 5© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Types of Printers Computer technicians should know how to purchase,
repair, or maintain a printer.
A customer may request a technician to:
Select a printer
Install and configure a printer
Troubleshoot a printer
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 6© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Printers: Speed and CapacityPrinters available today are:
Laser printers using electrophotographic technology
Inkjet printers using electrostatic spray technology
Dot matrix printers using impact technology
Used in applications that require multiple (“carbon”) copies
Printer speed is measured in pages per minute (ppm):
Inkjet Printer 2 - 6 ppm
Laser Printer 8 - 200 ppm
Price of a printer reflects its capacity and speed
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 7© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Printers: Color and Quality The choice between a black-and-white printer and a
color printer depends on the needs of customers.
A printer produces colors using subtractive mixing.
The eye sees a color that reflects from the combination of colors on the paper.
The colors are cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK).
Quality is measured in dots per inch (dpi).
The more dpi, the higher the resolution
Color wheel
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 8© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Printers: Reliability and Cost Factors of reliability include:
Warranty
Scheduled servicing
Mean time between failures (MTBF)
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) includes:
Initial purchase price
Cost of supplies, such as paper and ink
Price per page
Maintenance costs
Warranty costs
The amount of material to be printed
The expected lifetime of the printer
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 9© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Printer to Computer InterfacesTo access a printer, a computer must have an interface with
it. The following are common interface types: Serial data transfer is the movement of single bits of information
in a single cycle.
Serial ports are D-shell and are either male or female ports
Parallel data transfer is the movement of multiple bits of information in a single cycle.
Parallel data transfer is faster than serial data transfer
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), pronounced “scuzzy”, uses parallel communication to achieve high data-transfer rates.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a common interface for printers and other devices.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 10© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
More Interface Types Firewire is also known as i.LINK or IEEE 1394 and is a
high-speed, communication bus that is platform independent. Firewire devices are hot-swappable.
Ethernet is an interface for network printers, which are usually a resource shared on a network.
Wireless printing technology:
Infrared requires transmitters and receivers on both devices, a clear line of sight between the transmitter and receiver, and a maximum distance of 15 ft (4.5 m).
Bluetooth technology uses an unlicensed radio frequency for short-range communication.
Wi-Fi or IEEE 802.11 is a standard for wireless communication.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 11© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Laser Printers A laser printer is a high-quality, fast printer that uses a laser beam to
create an image.
The main components contained within a laser printer:
Toner cartridge
Laser scanner
High-voltage power supply
Paper transport mechanism
Transfer corona
Fuser assembly
Control circuitry
Ozone filter
NOTE: You should know the components of a laser printer and the steps required to print a page.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 12© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Laser Printing Process The laser printer process involves six steps to print
information onto a single sheet of paper
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 13© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
WARNING The primary corona wire or grid, or the conditioning
roller, can be very dangerous.
The voltage runs as high as -6000 volts.
Only certified technicians should work on the unit.
Before working inside a laser printer, you should make sure that voltage is properly discharged.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 14© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Impact Printers Impact printers form characters when the print head impacts
a printer tape or inked ribbon to create characters. (Daisy-wheel and dot-matrix printers)
Advantages:
Uses inexpensive consumables
Uses continuous feed paper
Has copy printing ability (“carbon copies”)
Disadvantages:
Noisy
Low resolution graphics
Limited color capability
Slow printing, normally 32 to 76 characters per second (cps)
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 15© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Inkjet Printers Use ink-filled cartridges that spray ink onto a page through tiny
holes, or nozzles. The ink is sprayed in a pattern on the page, one column of dots at a time.
Produce high quality print
Easy to use
Inexpensive compared to laser printers
Two types of inkjet nozzles:
Thermal - A pulse of electrical current is applied to heating chambers around the nozzles. The heat creates a bubble of steam in the chamber which forces ink out through the nozzle.
A charge is applied to piezoelectric crystals, located in the ink reservoir at the back of each nozzle. This charge causes the crystals to vibrate. The vibration controls the flow of ink onto the paper.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 16© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Inkjet Printer Components A feeding mechanism draws paper in and the paper
passes by the print head where ink is sprayed onto it.
Paper leaves the printer through the discharge mechanism, and is wet for about 15 seconds.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 17© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Solid-ink PrintersUse solid sticks of ink rather than toner or ink cartridges
The printing process:
Step 1: Cleaning
Step 2: Spraying
Step 3: Transferring
Advantages:Produces vibrant color prints
Easy to use
Can use many different paper types
Disadvantages:Expensive (the printer and ink)
Slow to warm up
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 18© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Thermal Printers A thermal printer uses chemically-treated paper that
becomes black when heated.
A thermal transfer printer uses heat-sensitive ribbon, which the print head melts onto the paper.
Thermal printers have a longer life because there are few moving parts.
Disadvantages:
Paper is expensive
Paper has a short shelf life
Images are poor quality
Paper must be stored at room temperature
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 19© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Dye-Sublimation Printers Also called thermal dye printers
Usually used in producing photo-quality images for graphic printing
Uses solid sheets of ink that change directly from solid to gas when heated, in a process called sublimating
Advantages:
Very high quality images
Overcoat layer reduces smearing, increases moisture resistance
Disadvantages:
Media can be expensive
They are better for color than for grayscale (black and white)
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 20© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Installation and Configuration of PrintersWhen purchasing a printer, the installation and
configuration information is usually supplied by the manufacturer:
An installation CD that includes drivers, manuals, and diagnostic software
Also available as downloads from the manufacturer's website
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 21© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
How to Set Up a Printer1. Check the box to ensure all required cables are
provided.
2. Remove packing materials from the printer and plastic inserts from the consumables.
3. Place printer in position. Ensure that the printer location will not cause overheating.
4. Install paper trays.
5. Install paper.
6. Read and follow the instruction manual .
7. Connect cables.
8. Test print from computer.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 22© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Power and Connect the Printer
1. Connect the appropriate data cable to the communication port on the back of the printer.
2. Attach the power cable to the printer and the other end to an available electrical outlet.
Warning: Never plug a printer into a UPS. The power surge that occurs when the printer is turned on will damage the UPS unit.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 23© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Printer DriverPrinter driver is the software program that enables the
computer and the printer to communicate with each other.
1. Find out if a newer driver is available on the manufacturer’s website
2. Download the driver files to your computer
3. Install the driver automatically or manually
4. Test the new printer driver
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 24© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Printer Firmware Firmware is a set of instructions stored on the printer
to control how the printer operates.
If printing problems occur or you need new features, consider upgrading the printer's firmware.
Download the upgrade file from the manufacturer's website and run a setup file to install it.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 25© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Printer Memory Printer memory is used to buffer print jobs, create
pages, or draw images for documents.
Adding printer memory can improve printing speed and allow the printer to handle more complex print jobs.
Print-job buffering is the ability of the printer to capture as much of the print job into its internal memory as possible.
Consult the documentation for memory requirements:
Memory specifications
Memory population and availability
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 26© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Upgrade Printer Memory
1. Turn off the printer.
2. Disconnect all cables.
3. Open the memory compartment.
4. Replace memory modules or add new modules.
5. Close the memory compartment.
6. Reconnect all cables.
7. Power on printer.
8. Run a self-test.
9. Print a test page.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 27© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Configuration Options and DefaultsCommon printer settings:
Paper type
Print quality
Color printing
Black-and-white printing
Grayscale printing
Paper size
Paper orientation
Print layout
Duplex
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 28© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Optimize Printer Performance Print spool settings
You may store documents that are prepared for printing in a file in RAM called the print spool.
Spooling programs allow the application you are printing from to finish faster. You may also print directly to the printer.
Printer calibration
You can adjust settings to match the colors seen on the screen and the colors on printed sheet.
Paper orientation
You can select landscape or portrait image layout.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 29© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Print a Test Page Print a test page to verify the following:
The printer is operating properly
The driver software is installed and working correctly
The printer and computer are communicating
To print a test page manually:
Start > Printers and Faxes
In the Printers and Faxes window, right-click the desired printer and follow this path: Properties > General Tab > Print Test Page
A dialog box will open, asking if the page printed correctly. If it did not, then built-in Help will assist you in troubleshooting the problem.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 30© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Print a Test Page (Cont..)
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 31© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Print from an Application To print from Notepad:
Start > Programs > Accessories > Notepad
A blank document will open.
Enter some text in the document.
File > Print
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 32© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Test a Printer from the Command Line Printing from the command line is limited to ASCII files
only, such as .txt and .bat files.
To send a file to the printer from the command line, use this path: Start > Run
The Run box should pop up. Type cmd in the Run box, and then click OK.
At the command line prompt, enter the following command: Print thefile.txt
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 33© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Test Printer from Printer Panel
Most printers have a front panel with controls to allow you to generate test pages.
This method of printing enables you to verify the printer operation separately from the network or computer.
Consult the printer manufacturer's website or documentation to learn how to print a test page from the front panel of the printer.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 34© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Sharing a Printer Printer sharing enables multiple network users or clients
to access a printer. Windows 2000/XP installs the print sharing capability in the basic setup.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 35© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Printer Sharing1. Click Start > Printers and
Faxes.
2. Right-click the printer and choose Properties.
3. Select the Share tab.
4. Click the Share this printer radio button.
5. Keep or change share name.
6. Click Apply.
To connect to the shared printer from another computer:
Choose Start > Printers and Faxes > Add Printer
Follow the steps using the Add Printer Wizard
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 36© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
How is the speed of a laser printer measured?A. dots per minute
B. pages per minute
C. pixels per second
D. pages per second
E. pages per week
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 37© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
Which type of printing process uses sold sheets of ink that change directly to gas when the print head the sink?
A. dye-sublimation
B. Impact
C. inkjet
D. laser
E. sold-ink
F. thermal
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 38© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
Which technology is used by dot matrix printers?A. digital drop
B. electrostatic spray
C. electrophotographic
D. ink melting
E. impact
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 39© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
After completing this chapter, you will meet these learning outcomes:
Describe the types of scanners currently available
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 40© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Types of Scanners Technicians may be required to purchase, repair, or
maintain a scanner.
The following are tasks that a customer may request:
Select a scanner
Install and configure a scanner
Troubleshoot a scanner
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 41© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Types of Scanners Scanners convert printed data or images into an
electronic data format that a computer can store or process as required.
A scanned image can be saved, modified, and even e-mailed as you would with any other file.
All-in-one scanner
Flatbed scanner
Handheld scanner
Drum scanner
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 42© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Resolution and OCR Features, quality, and speed of scanners vary.
Scanners typically create an RGB image that can be converted into image formats such as JPEG, TIFF, Bitmap, and PNG.
An RGB image has three channels: red, green, and blue.
Some scanners can create text documents using optical character recognition (OCR).
OCR software is used to convert a scanned printed page into text that can be edited with a word processor.
Resolution of a scanner is measured in dots per inch (dpi). Like printers, the higher the dpi, the better the quality of the image.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 43© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Interfaces and Cables To allow communication of data, the scanner and
computer must have compatible interfaces.
Interfaces and cables used for printers are typically the same as those used for scanners.
Parallel(Centronicsand DB-25)
USB Firewire
Serial
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 44© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
All-in-one Scanners An all-in-one device combines the
functionality of multiple devices into one physical piece of hardware.
Scanner, Printer, Copier, and/or Fax
Advantages:
All devices are built in
Low cost
One upgrade for all devices
Easy connection and setup
Uses one port for all devices
Disadvantages:
One problem effects all devices
Not designed for heavy use
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 45© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Flatbed Scanners Often used to scan books and photographs for archiving.
Image is acquired by placing the document face down on the glass. The scanner head lies beneath the glass and moves along the item, capturing the image.
Sheet feeders can be used with flatbed scanners to scan multiple pages automatically.
Maintenance:
Keep flatbed scanning glass clean.
Avoid placing items in the scanner that can scratch the glass.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 46© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Handheld Scanners Pass the scanner head across the surface you want to
scan.
When you want to scan an item larger than the head of the handheld scanner, you must make more than one pass to capture the full image and then put the images back together to form a single image of the item that was scanned.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 47© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Drum Scanners Produce a high-quality scanned image
Usually used in commercial operations
Being replaced by lower priced, high-quality flatbed scanners
Still in use for high-end reproductions, such as archiving photographs in museums
To scan an image using a drum scanner:
Attach the image to a revolving drum or load it into a supporting canister.
Drum is rotated at high speed across optical scanners. Optical scanners move slowly across the drum surface until the entire image is captured. The captured image is then reproduced by the computer as a digital image file.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 48© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
Which peripheral is used to convert paper documents into electronic files?
A. digital reader
B. printer
C. projector
D. scanner
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 49© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Refer to the exhibit. A customer purchased the scanner shown in the graphic and discovers that it is limited to converting hard-copy data into electronic images. Which type of scanner has the customer purchased?
A. all-in-one
B. flatbed
C. handled
D. laser
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 50© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
After completing this chapter, you will meet these learning outcomes:
Describe the installation and configuration process for scanners
Identify and apply common preventive maintenance techniques for printers and scanners
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 51© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Installation and Configuration An installation CD that includes drivers, manuals, and
diagnostic software will be included with the scanner.
The same tools may also be available as downloads from the manufacturer's website.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 52© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Power and Connect a Scanner Scanners can connect to a computer using a USB, FireWire,
network, or parallel port. Some scanners may connect using a SCSI interface.
Some scanners can draw all the power they need from the USB or FireWire connector.
All-in-ones connect directly to AC power.
Scanners that do not include a printer can connect using an AC power adapter.
After unpacking the scanner, connect the appropriate power and data cables.
CAUTION: Some scanners are packed for shipping with the scanner assembly taped or blocked off to prevent damage in transport.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 53© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Install and Update Device Driver Once the scanner is connected and started, the computer
operating system may be able to discover the scanner through the Plug and Play (PnP) process.
Install the driver software from the manufacturer.
The manufacturer's website may provide more up-to-date software.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 54© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Configuration Options and Defaults A scanner may come with applications such as:
Graphic software for editing photographs and other images
OCR software that converts text in an image to a text document
Configurations may include:
Color, grayscale, or black-and-white scanning
One-touch scanning into your choice of software
Quality and resolution choices
Sheet feeders
Color calibration between devices is important so that you see true representations of color.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 55© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Configuration Options and Defaults
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 56© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Preventive Maintenance Techniques Printers and scanners have many moving parts that
can wear out over time or through extended use.
Moving parts can be affected by dust and other particles.
Clean printers and scanners regularly to avoid downtime, loss of productivity, and high repair costs.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 57© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Printer Maintenance Printers have many moving parts and require more
maintenance than most electronic devices.
CAUTION: Unplug the printer from the electrical source before beginning maintenance.
Techniques for maintaining printers:
Use manufacturer monitoring and diagnostic software.
Dot matrix printers have roller surfaces that you should clean with a damp cloth.
Inkjet printers have paper-handling mechanisms that may collect particles of paper over time. Wipe the area with a damp cloth.
Clean a laser printer with a special vacuum cleaner (not a household type) if you spill the toner. Unplug a laser printer before cleaning it due to the high voltages.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 58© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Printer Paper and Ink The correct type of paper helps the printer operate
better.
Types of printer paper available include inkjet and laser.
Some papers, especially photo paper and transparencies, have a right and wrong side marked by an arrow on the package.
Manufacturer will recommend the brand and type of ink to use.
If the wrong type of ink is used, the printer may not work or the print quality may be reduced.
Do not refill ink cartridges because the ink may leak.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 59© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Scanner Maintenance The scanner surface should be kept clean. If the glass
becomes dirty, consult the manufacturer's user manual.
To prevent liquid from leaking into the scanner case, do not spray glass cleaner directly on the device. Dampen a cloth with cleaner, and then apply gently to the glass.
If the inside of the glass becomes dirty, check the manual for instructions on how to open the unit or remove the glass from the scanner.
If possible, clean both sides of the glass.
When the scanner is not in use, keep lid closed.
Never lay anything heavy on a scanner.
Store handheld scanners in a safe place.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 60© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
The type and quality of paper and ink used affect the life of the printer is
a.
b.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 61© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
If the inside of the glass becomes dirty, check the ______ for instructions on how to open the unit or remove the glass from the scanner
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 62© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
When the scanner is not in use, _______________________
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 63© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
Problem symptom: printer will not print
Possible solution:_____________________
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 64© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Additional Resources Whatis?com: IT Encyclopedia and Learning Center
http://whatis.com
TechTarget: The Most Targeted IT Media http://techtarget.com
ZDNet: Tech News, Blogs and White Papers for IT Professionals http://www.zdnet.com
HowStuffWorks: It's Good to Know http://computer.howstuffworks.com
CNET.com http://www.cnet.com
PC World http://www.pcworld.com
ComputerWorld http://www.computerworld.com
WIRED NEWS http://www.wired.com
eWEEK.com http://www.eweek.com
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 65© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Q and A
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 7 66© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public